Unit 4
Antigen vs antibody
Antigen: Foreign element that triggers body to respond
Antibody: Substances produced by the body to fight against the antigen specific to the antigen
Staphylococcal infection transmission
spreads by direct contact
malignant vs benign
Malignant
Invasive tumor capable of spreading
Tends to progressively worsen
May result in death
= cancer
Benign
Nonmalignant or noncancerous
Usually harmless and does not spread
Found on moist surfaces such as swimming pools and respiratory equip
contact precautions and resistant to antibiotics
pseudomonas
define metastasize, primary tumor and secondary tumor
M: spread of disease from one organ to another
P: arises from cell normally local to structure
S: arises from cells that have metastasized
active vs passive immunity
Active immunity
Natural – Development of antibodies after exposure to live antigens
Artificial -Person forms own antibodies in response to the vaccine of an antigen (dead or deactivated bacteria or virus). This type of immunity stimulates the immune response without causing the disease.
Passive immunity
Person receives the antibodies.
example of herpes virus 1, 2 and 3
1: cold sores
2: genital herpes
3. chicken pox/shingles
etiology of malignant tumors: name 3
Chemical agents
Environmental
Hormones
Genetic
Alcohol and tobacco
Viruses
Radiation
Carcinogens
Sensory root ganglion of related dermatome becomes inflamed, most commonly in T3 to L3 dermatomes
Shingles
define radiation induced fibrosis
typically occurs 6 months to 5 years after radiation
soft tissue mobilization to increase blood flow and extensibility
can impact muscle's ability to stretch and strengthen
pathology of AIDs vs progression to HIV
AIDs:
Destruction of cell-mediated (T-cell) immunity with some changes in the humoral (B cell) immunity. (T cells can activate B cells.)
T4 lymphocytes are especially affected with AIDS.
Two strands of viral RNA are infected into T4 cells which causes the T4 cells to die or lie dormant.
HIV:
Acute HIV infection
Clinical latency (HIV inactivity or dormancy)
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
Mononucleosis is which virus and spread how
Herpes virus 4: oral secretions or blood
3 Stages of Carcinogenesis
initiation, promotion, progression
caused by Epstein-Barr virus, leads to fluctuations in body temp
Mononucleosis (herpes 4)
most common metastases sites
and 1 safety rehab implication
breast, lung, prostrate
-if bone tumor, no MMT or progressive resistive exercise
-may need to offload extremity with AD
-cancer in spine: spinal precautions (BLT)
-skin breakdown from radiation
What is anaphylactic shock? (Describe what is happening within the body)
•There is a release of histamine which causes systemic vasodilation and plasma leaking.
•Hypotension results due to the systemic decrease in blood volume
•This causes decreased venous return which decreases the return of blood to the heart.
•This is followed by inadequate cardiac output and circulation is drastically reduced. The heart can’t pump enough blood to the body.
•When the circulation is drastically reduced, this causes respiratory distress, fluid in larynx and decreased opening, and possibly death.
S&S of influenza: name 3
Fever
Chills
HA
Sore throat
Non-productive cough
Complications
Can lead to bacterial infections
-Pneumonia
List 5 treatments for cancer
radiation
chemotherapy
immunotherapy
hormone
surgery
Complications of shingles
postherpetic neuralgia: chronic pain that can last for years
PN can cause allodynia (feeling pain from stimuli that doesn't normally cause pain)
Fibrosarcoma
Rhabdomyosarcoma
Ganglioneuroma
f: malignant tumor of fibrous tissue
r: malignant tumor of striated muscle
g: benign tumor of ganglion cells
2 Implications for Rehab: Lupus
2 Treatments for fibromyalgia
LUPUS:
•Treat joint pain and prevent joint deformity.
•Educate the patient on skin care.
•Some modalities are contraindicated such as heat.
•Practice good infection control as these patients will have decreased white blood cells and immunity.
FIBRO:
•Exercise
•Pt Ed
•Modalities
•Stress reduction
•Meals at scheduled times
•Eliminate caffeine and nicotine
•Meds
•Counseling
What is Lyme disease and what happens in each stages
Systemic disease is caused by an infection from ticks
Stage 1: occurs within days of the tick bite: red, slowly expanding rash and flu-like symptoms
Stage 2: occurs within days to weeks after tick bite: neurological symptoms (mild headache, stiff neck, difficulty concentrating)
Stage 3: occurs within weeks to months after the infection if untreated: intermittent arthritis with marked pain and swelling in large joints
Staging: definitions and stages
Method of estimating the spread of the tumor at the time of diagnosis
Stage 0 – precancerous
Stage 1 – localized, confined to area where it originated
Stage 2 – has invaded to nearby organs and tissues
Stage 3 – spread to distant lymph nodes
Stage 4 – metastasized to distant organs
Rehab implications of Lyme's disease
ROM and strengthening for arthritis but do not induce overexertion
Monitor neurological symptoms
List 2 symptoms of each metastases
pulmonary
CNS
skeletal
P: chronic cough, dyspnea, fecal breath odor, constant pleural pain, onset of wheezing
C: confusion, change in memory, depression, irritability, drowsy, blurred vision, HA, balance issues, weakness
S: pain with WBing, pain at night, prior history of CA, significant pain relief with ASA