-ISMS
DIFFERENCE between mercantilism and capitalism
-Mercantilist is an economic system in which European states maxed out exports and limited imports to accumulate more silver.
-Capitalism is an economic system in which primary investors control the economy, a free market economy, along with minimal government control, laissez faire.
WHY DID IT START IN BRITIAN?
-Coal fields near the surface
-Went through the Enlightenment and was liberal
-Naval power
-Large number of colonies to pull resources from
WHO WAS ADAM SMITH?
-An Enlightenment thinker who introduced modern capitalism and laissez faire, limiting government influence and interaction in the economy and allowing a free market economy.
DESCRIBE THE MOTIVATIONS BEHIND THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION
-Taxation without Representation, The Stamp Act, Intolerable Acts, Townshend Acts, Tea Tax etc.
-Boston Tea Party & Boston Massacre
-Enlightenment ideals of freedom, independence, natural rights etc.
WHY WAS INDIA COLONIZED BY BRITAIN?
-Large workforce
-For economic exploitation, trade and establishment of trading ports in the Indian Ocean
-Land for agriculture
DEFINE industrialism
Political and economic system in which a state develops to a degree of using mechanical production, a process of a society’s transition away from agriculture and towards industry and manufacturing.
WHY WAS BURNING COAL NOW AN ISSUE?
-Pollution from factories harmed the environment and caused extreme pollution in waterways and sewers
-Workers in factories often developed lung diseases from the fumes released.
WHO WAS THE ENLIGHTENMENT THINKER WHO GUARNTEED NATURAL RIGHTS?
JOHH LOCKE
WHAT WAS THE HAITIAN REVOLUTION? WHO LED IT?
-The Haitian Revolution was a slave uprising in Haiti against French slave owners on sugar plantations, a revolution towards freedom and natural rights. The Haitian Revolution was the first successful black revolution in the western hemisphere and later influenced Latin American Revolutions.
-Toussaint L'Ouverture
WHAT HAPPENED IN BERLIN, 1884?
-The Berlin Conference of 1884, was were Africa was diplomatically split between European countries without African representation.
DEFINE socialism
A social and political system where the lower class controls the manner of production and spreads the wealth among the lower class/working class.
HOW DID COAL IMRPOVE TRANSPORTATION?
-Steam engines allowed for faster and more advanced transportation such as steam ships, railroads, etc.
WHO FOUGHT FOR WOMAN'S SUFFRAGE AND RIGHTS?
-Mary Wollstonecraft
AFTER THE REIGN OR TERROR WHO WAS SELF-CROWNED AS EMPEROR?
Napoleon Bonaparte
NAME AND EXPLAIN THE CONFLICT BETWEEN BRITAIN AND CHINA.
-The Opium Wars was a result of Britian exporting opium grown in India to China as a lucrative form of profit. Opium was popular among peasants and elites; however, the health effects could be lethal and resulted in a decreased economy due to no peasants working.
-The result was a war between Britain and China in which China lost and signed the Treat of Nanking, allowing Britain control of Chinese ports, economically imperializing China.
DEFINE imperialism
Imperialism became a prominent as European powers expanded their power over diverse regions, particularly in Africa, Asia, and the Americas.
WHAT DID INDUSTRIALIZATION DIRECTLY LEAD TO?
WHO WAS VOLTAIRE?
-An Enlightenment thinker who fought for the freedom of religion and the choice to practice a religion.
WHAT INFLUENCED THE FRENCH REVOLUTION?
-Participation in the American Revolution created debt.
-Unequal taxes on the Third Estate
-Rise of the Bourgeoisie
-Enlightenment ideas.
WHAT WAS SOCIAL DARWINISM?
Social Darwinism claimed that certain races or classes of people were inherently superior and that social and economic inequality was a result of the " survival of the fittest." It was used to support racial ideas and imperialist tendencies, including colonialism, eugenics, exploitation, and oppression.
DEFINE liberalism
Willingness of the people and government to respect or accept behavior or opinions different from one's own, openness to new ideas.
HOW DID INDUSTRIALIZATION AFFECT SOCIAL HIERARCHIES.
-Woman and children began working in factories, with this began minimum wage reforms, child labor reforms, and limiting working/overtime hours.
WHO WAS JEAN-JACQUES ROUSSEAU?
-A French philosopher who expanded on the social contract theory, emphasizing the importance of the common good. He argued that people are naturally free and equal, and the role of the government is to serve the common good and protect the will of the people/their natural rights.
WHAT PROCTECTED REVOLUTING LATIN AMERICAN COUNTRIES?
The Monroe Doctrine.
WHO WAS CECIL RHODES?
-The most important man in South Africa, and owner of De Beers Diamond Company, and wanted to build a railroad from South Africa straight north to connect all British colonies.
-Also introduced apartheid and racial discrimination in South Africa.