Chapter 16
During starvation, mental acuity decreases as a result of decreased _____________ to the brain.
Glucose
Thrombus or thrombosis in a cerebral artery would lead to _______
Stroke.
The most important advice for preventing kidney stones is to ____________
drink at least 10 to 12 cups of fluid daily.
The most important advice for preventing kidney stones is to drink at least 10 to 12 cups of fluid daily.
______ is rich in omega 3 fatty acid that helps improve cognitive functioning in patients with Alzheimer's disease.
Salmon
Opportunistic infection is the factor that contributes most to malnutrition in patients with HIV/AIDS and 2 examples of opportunistic infection are: ________ and _________.
mouth, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fatigue, and fever, etc.
During recovery from injury, the metabolic rate _______
Increases.
Thrombus or thrombosis in a coronary artery will result to ________
Heart Attack
A kind of mineral found in poultry products that is restricted in patients with renal failure. Increased level of this mineral in chronic renal failure, can case defective bone development.
Phosphorus.
This question refers to routes of feeding:
Whenever possible, comatose patients should be fed _____.
Enterally.
Comatose patients should be fed enterally whenever possible to maintain integrity of the gut. Parenteral nutrition is expensive, less physiologically sound, and unnecessary for most patients. Unconscious patients cannot be fed orally.
Fruits and vegetables help prevent cancer because they have high amounts of __________.
antioxidants.
Fruits and vegetables have high amounts of antioxidants that help prevent DNA mutation that leads to cancer. Antioxidants also have antineoplastic qualities. Fruits and vegetables contain vitamins, but not all vitamins help prevent cancer.
The body conserves energy during starvation by decreasing __________
Metabolic Rate
The primary goal of therapy to reduce risk of cardiovascular disease is to lower serum levels of _____ cholesterol.
LDL - "the bad cholestrol"
A vital organ in the body that activates vit. D.
Kidney(s).
The lack of Vit. activation disrupts the phosphorus and calcium metabolism.
The best diet for prevention of stroke is _________
plant based food and fish.
Omega-3 fatty acids, fruits and vegetables with high levels of antioxidants, and whole grains are especially helpful for prevention of thrombotic strokes.
If a patient has cancer and is being treated with chemotherapy, the greatest food safety concern is preventing __________
foodborne illness.
Individuals undergoing chemotherapy have weakened immune systems and therefore need to be especially careful to prevent foodborne illness.
A member of the healthcare team best equipped to determine the nutrient needs of patients with severe burns is the _______.
Registered Dietitian
If gangrene develops in a patient’s foot and the patient is found to have high blood lipid levels, he or she probably has _____________
Peripheral artery disease - is a form of cardiovascular disease in which atherosclerosis develops in major arteries and blocks blood flow to the extremities. This may lead to ischemic necrosis of extremities and even gangrene; elevated blood lipids levels would indicate that this is the case. Type 2 diabetes may cause nerve damage in the extremities, and gangrene could occur, but blood lipids are not necessarily elevated.
The massive edema of nephrotic syndrome is caused by large ______ losses in the urine.
Protein
In nephrotic syndrome, large amounts of protein pass into the tubule. The large protein loss leads to massive edema and ascites as well as proteinuria.
Patients with depression may benefit from ensuring adequate intake of _______, a precursor of serotonin in the brain.
Tryptophan
Tryptophan is present in most protein-based foods or dietary proteins. It is particularly plentiful in chocolate, oats, dried dates, milk, yogurt, cottage cheese, red meat, eggs, fish, poultry, sesame, chickpeas, almonds, sunflower seeds, pumpkin seeds, Hemp Seeds, buckwheat, spirulina, and peanuts.
When someone smokes cigarettes and drinks three alcoholic beverages a day, he or she is contributing to his or her cancer risk via _______ (a stage of cancer development).
Cigarettes and alcohol contribute to cancer risk by promoting abnormal cell growth in cells that are already mutated.
Stages of cancer development:
Stage 1 - Initiation is the stage in which the DNA in a normal cell is mutated.Stage 2 - Promotion is the second stage, in which abnormal cell growth occurs. Stage 3 - Progression is the third stage, in which cancer cells spread beyond their original location. Metastasis is formation of cancer in secondary sites.
The amino acid that plays an important role in the gastrointestinal tract during stress is __________
Glutamine.
During stress, glutamine is mobilized in large quantities from skeletal muscle and the lungs to be used directly as a fuel source by intestinal cells. Glutamine also plays a significant role in maintaining intestinal immune function and enhancing wound repair by supporting lymphocyte and macrophage proliferation, hepatic gluconeogenesis, and fibroblast function.
A common breakfast food considered as soluble fiber, which can significantly lower the serum LDL cholesterol level.
Oatmeal
________ and ______ are important in the diets of patients with kidney disease because they spare protein for tissue synthesis.
Carbohydrates and fats
Carbohydrate and fat must supply sufficient nonprotein kilocalories to supply energy and spare protein for tissue synthesis.
If a college-age woman tells you that she often uses laxatives or diuretics to make sure she has a flat stomach and goes without meals or exercises for several hours before special events to make sure she fits into some of her favorite clothes, she probably has _________.
bulimia nervosa.
Purging with laxatives, diuretics, and exercise is a hallmark of bulimia nervosa. Anorexia nervosa is characterized by extreme restriction in food intake, usually without purging. Patients with binge-eating disorder frequently struggle with out-of-control consumption of very large amounts of food. Any eating disorder may result in malnutrition, but this is not necessarily the case.
Someone who uses sunscreen and wears UV protective clothing and hats to prevent development of skin cancer may need to __________
ensure adequate intake of vitamin D from fortified foods and supplements.