Essentials Midterm Part 1

Infection Control

100

Most effective way to break the chain of infection. Bonus: What are the steps of the chain of infection?

What is hand hygiene? Chain of Infection: Infectious Agent -> Reservoir -> Portal of Exit - > Mode of Transmission -> Portal of Entry -> Susceptible Host

200

The steps that protect patients and healthcare workers from infection are part of these precautions.

What are Standard Precautions?

300

Clean technique that includes hand washing and cleaning tables and surfaces to prevent infection.

What is Medical Asepsis?

400

These clients are the most at risk of infection.

What are the young and elderly, immunosuppressed, those with chronic illness, the malnourished, and those with prolonged stress?

500

Negative airflow in patient rooms, N95 respirators, immune caregivers, or private rooms help prevent this form of transmission.

What is Airborne Transmission?

Infection Control 2

100

The steps to hand washing that help prevent transmission of illness.

1. Wet hands and wrists with warm water 2. Apply soap to hands 3. Wash all surfaces for 15-20 seconds, focus on nail beds 4. Rinse with warm water, elbows higher than hands, cloths not touching counter 5. Dry with paper towel, turn of faucet with paper towel - Wash when visibly dirty, before eating, after toileting.

200

Conditions that promote the transmission of infection in hospital environments. Bonus: Iatrogenic Infections

Resistant bacteria, Invasive Procedures, Antibiotics, Susceptibility, Breaks in infection prevention, Visiting patient to patient Bonus: Infections caused by healthcare interventions, such as during surgery or through the use of broad spectrum antibiotics

300

Sterile Technique that eliminates microbes through use of PPE and autoclaves?

What is Surgical Asepsis?

400

Private rooms, gloves during care, gown if clothes will contact or body fluids cannot be contained, and dedicated patient care items prevent transmission through this route.

What is Contact Transmission?

500

Surgical masks, hand hygiene, some dedicated patient care items, private room, and masks for patient transport are methods to prevent this type of transmission.

What is Droplet Transmission?

Hygiene 1

100

These factors determine and influence patient hygiene practices.

What are culture, health beliefs and motivation, developmental stage, physical condition, social patterns, personal preferences, body image, and socioeconomic status?

200

These describe the role of critical thinking in providing hygiene.

Assessing emotional status, health promotion, education needs, self care ability, special needs and environment. Proper communication to promote hygiene care, personalizing care (according to developmental and cultural needs,) and integrating nursing knowledge.

300

These are conditions that increase risk for impaired skin integrity.

What are immobility, sensory impairment, vascular insufficiency, nutrition and hydration, secretions and excretions, and immunosuppression.

400

Factors that influence the condition of hands and feet.

What are diabetes, peripheral neuropathy, vascular insufficiency, poor hygiene, poor foot wear, and developmental stage.

500

Common hair and scalp problems and interventions.

Dandruff – shampoo regularly w/medicated shampoo Ticks – use blunt tweezers, clamp close to head, pull up until tick lets go Lice (Pediculosis) – use medicated shampoo or manual removal w/lice comb Crab lice (pediculosis pubis) – shave hair off affected area, bathe thoroughly, use recommended lotion Hair loss (alopecia) – stop hair care that damages hair such as curlers, hair picks, etc

Hygiene 2

100

Conditions that place clients at risk for impaired oral mucous membranes

Poor oral hygiene, Presence of stomatitis, Use of oxygen therapy, Unconscious patient Physical difficulty/immobility, Impaired gag reflex and/or swallowing, Medications, dehydration, radiation, mouth breathing.

200

Approaches used in maintaining a client’s comfort during hygiene care.

Provide privacy, Maintain safety, Maintain warmth, Promote independence, and Anticipate needs.

300

Variations in hygiene care for older adults.

Higher risk of neuropathy requires more attention to extremities, also require sensory aids such as dentures and therefore sensory aid care required. Adults’ skin and hair dry out as they get older d/t less frequent bathing and shampooing

400

Care for younger clients and how it differs from care for older adults.

Infants have fragile skins and require little friction. Older children have healthy skin, but require education on good hygiene practices. Adolescents require frequent bathing to reduce oil and body odor.