Three main aspects of Hindustani and Karnatak music:
melody line, drone, percussive line
100
Define Raga:
Set of selected tones + rules dictating how these tones can be connected
100
Name 3 recent developments in Arabic music:
a. Increase in ensemble size
b. Incorporation of Western instruments
c. Influence of music from Europe and America
d. New performance contexts
100
Arabic or Indian? Improvised or composed?
Arabic; Improvised
(Arabic Music Presentation B, Slide 5, ex1)
200
Southern cultural area of India:
Karnatak
200
Two instruments that play the drone in Indian music:
Tambura, sruti box
200
Define Sruti:
microtonal intervals of various sizes
200
True or False: The instruments of the classical pan-Islamic tradition are also found in the regional folk musics
True
200
Name the texture
Heterophonic
(Arabic Music Presentation B, Slide 6, ex1)
300
Approximate dates of British rule in India:
1818-1947
300
Usually the principal percussive instrument in Indian music:
mridangam
300
Define Svara:
musical intervals made up of a combination of sruti
300
2 prominent distinguishing features of classical Arab music:
a. Rhythmic organization (rhythmic cycles)
b. Melodic organization (maqam and taqsim)
300
Name a possible drone instrument and a possible percussion instrument that you hear in this piece
a. Drone instrument: Tambura or sruti box
b. Percussive instrument: Mridangdam
(India 1, Slide 11, ex1)
400
What technical book describing the performance and theory of theater, music, and dance, was written between 200 BCE and 400 CE?
The Natya Shastra
400
True or false: There can only be one melody line in Indian music
False: often there is a combination of a main melody line with a secondary melody line
400
Define melakarta:
a basic parent scale that a raga relates to
400
Due to the influences of colonialism, western culture, and the world-market, a re-evaluation of Arabic music occurred at this 1932 conference:
Congress on Arabic Music in Cairo
400
Describe what is going on between the audience and performer here.
Improvising musician plays for audience, audience verbally responds to the musical techniques they like, musician makes subtle shifts in playing style according to what the audience is responding to
(Arabic Music Presentation B, Slide 8, ex1)
500
Approximate date that King Ashoka was converted to Buddhism:
260 BC
500
True or false: Instrumentalists cannot play the melody line in Indian music
False: this line can be played by instrumentalists as well as sung by vocalists. Often, a vocalist singing the main melody line may be accompanied by a violin playing a secondary melody line.
500
How does a raga induce human emotion?
Through the relationship between Bhava (state of mind inherent in music) and Rasa (the prevailing sentiment aroused in listener).
500
What are the two words vocalists use when improvising in the “Layali” form?
a. Leli (my night)
b. Ayni (my eyes)
500
What kind of ensemble is this? Name 3 instruments.
a. Takht Ensemble
b. Ud, Buzuq, Ney, Qanun, Darabuka, Rek
(CD 4, Track 18)