Hypotheses
Language Acquisition
Childhood Speech Acquisition
Second language Acquisition
Universal Grammar
100
The hypothesis proposes that children have the innate capacity to differentiate phonemes, extract words from the stream of language, and process grammar. (Rowe and Levine 232)
What is the innateness hypothesis?
100
The process whereby a child unconsciously internalizes linguistic information, and uses it later in order to speak that language. ( https://www.uni-due.de/ELE/LinguisticGlossary.html )
What is acquisition?
100
The first verbal sounds that babies make, consists of sounds that are all vowels. (Rowe and Levine 236)
What is cooing?
100
The language which is acquired initially by a child and which is his/her native language. (https://www.uni-due.de/ELE/LinguisticGlossary.html )
What is a first language?
100
The hereditary, pre-programmed qualities of the human brain that make language acquisition possible. (http://fod.infobase.com.ezp1r.riosalado.edu/p_ViewVideo.aspx?xtid=7313&loid=19530# )
What is faculty of language?
200
This hypothesis proposes that the language acquisition device ceases to function, and the ability to acquire language with native fluency declines as childhood progresses, disappearing after the age of puberty. (Rowe and Levine 233)
What is the critical period hypothesis?
200
The idea that language acquisition proceeds by imitation. (https://www.uni-due.de/ELE/LinguisticGlossary.html)
What is behaviorism?
200
The second stage of verbalization made by babies, usually at four to six months of age, which alternates vowels and consonants. (Rowe and Levine 236)
What is babbling?
200
Any language that a speaker uses that is not a first language. (https://www.uni-due.de/ELE/LinguisticGlossary.html)
What is a second language?
200
The linguistic data to which the child is exposed- the language the child is exposed to during its developmental stage. (https://www.uni-due.de/ELE/LinguisticGlossary.html )
What is external data?
300
This hypothesis proposes that children acquire language by imitating the people around them. (Rowe and Levine 233)
What is the imitation hypothesis?
300
A theory that the ability to learn grammar is hard-wired into the brain. (https://www.uni-due.de/ELE/LinguisticGlossary.html )
What is nativism?
300
One word utterances in which the toddler expresses and entire sentence. (Rowe and Levine 236)
What are holophrases?
300
The ability to fluently speak two languages. (https://www.uni-due.de/ELE/LinguisticGlossary.html)
What is bilingualism?
300
The system involving phonemic differences, word order, and phrase recognition, that is the basis for the theory of the innateness of language acquisition. (Rowe and Levine 233)
What is universal grammar?
400
This hypothesis postulates that children acquire language by positive reinforcement when they produce a grammatical utterance and by being corrected when they don't. (Rowe and Levine 234)
What is the reinforcement hypothesis?
400
Language Acquisition Device- the theoretical area of hard wiring in the brains of children that propels them to acquire language. (Rowe and Levine 233)
What is L.A.D.?
400
This stage begins sometime after 18 months, when children transition from one word sentences to two word sentences. (Rowe and Levine 237)
What is the two-word stage?
400
The act of switching from one language or style of speaking to another within the same sentence. (https://www.uni-due.de/ELE/LinguisticGlossary.html) (Rowe and Levine 171)
What is code switching?
400
An actual utterance that can be broken down by conventional methods of syntactic analysis. (Rowe and Levine 126)
What is surface structure?
500
This hypothesis postulates that children acquire language by their innate language abilities to extract the rules of the language from their environment and construct the phonology, semantics, and syntax of their native language. (Rowe and Levine 235)
What is the interactionist hypothesis?
500
A phenomenon in first language acquisition where the child uses a narrow term in a more general sense, e.g. calling all animals "doggie" (Rowe and Levine 240)
What is overextension?
500
This phase of childhood speech acquisition occurs when children begin adding more words to their two-word sentences. (Rowe and Levine 237)
What is telegraphic speech?
500
The act of transferring certain phenomena from one language to another when it is not considered grammatically correct. (https://www.uni-due.de/ELE/LinguisticGlossary.html )
What is interference?
500
A highly abstract level of language that represents the basic meaning of a sentence. The concept that, while the audible (or visual) parts of sentences vary depending on the language, formality of the situation, etc, the underlying meaning of sentences remains the same throughout all these situations. (Rowe and Levine 126) (Bolhuis)
What is deep structure?
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