SCAPULA
What are the rotator cuff muscles?
Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor and subscapularis
What are the scapula stabilizers?
Levator scapula, trapezius, rhomboids major and minor, serratus anterior and pectoralis minor
Which spinal vertebrae are responsible for stability and mobility?
Stability: cervical
Mobility: thoracic and lumbar
What is tensegrity?
Structures maintain their integrity due to the balance of woven tensile forces continuous through the system
What are the two main branches of the brachial artery?
Radial and ulnar
What is impingement?
The narrowing of subacromial space, which causes the rubbing of the biceps brachii long head and supraspinatus tendons
What is scapulohumeral rhythm?
For every 180 degrees of abduction/flexion, there is a 120:60 humeral to scapular ratio
What is the core pillar approach?
The diaphragm goes down, pelvic floor goes up, transverse abdominus pulls in and quadratus lumborum acts as the back wall of stabilization
What are the 3 postural functions of the superficial backline?
Keeps the body in an upright extended position, prevents the tendency to curl up into flexion, maintains knee flexion
What muscles are innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve?
Coracobrachialis, brachialis and biceps brachii
What are the joint coupling actions of scapula packing?
Retraction, downward rotation and depression
What are the 5 passive stabilizers?
Glenoid labrum, fibrous capsule, glenohumeral ligament, coracohumeral ligament and coracoacromial arch
What is the superficial to deep layering of the abdominal muscles?
External oblique, internal oblique, transverse abdominus and rectus abdominus
What are the 4 postural functions of the superficial frontline?
Balances the superficial backline, provides tensile support from the top to keep the parts of the skeleton that fall forward due to gravity line, maintains knee extension, protects viscera
Which two forearm flexors are innervated by the ulnar nerve?
Flexor carpi ulnaris and flexor digitorum profundus
What muscles are responsible for the initiation of 0-80 degree and 80-140 degree abduction?
0-80 degree abduction: upper and middle trapezius, lower serratus anterior
80-140 degree abduction: lower trapezius, lower serratus anterior
What is the function of the superior fibrous capsule?
Resists the downward pull of gravity and external rotation of 0-60 degrees abduction
What is the difference between intrinsic and extrinsic back muscles?
Intrinsic: deep muscles, develop in the back, move vertebral column and head, generates stabilization
Extrinsic: intermediate and superficial muscles, develop embryologically outside the back, generates mobilization
What are the 4 rules of anatomy trains?
1. Tracks proceed in consistent directions without interruption
2. Tracks are tacked down by bony stations or attachments
3. Tracks join and diverge at "switches" and occasional "roundhouse"
4. Expresses vs locals
What landmark does the radial nerve have to pass to enter the arm?
Inferior margin of teres major
How is the Gibbons monkey better at brachiation than that of a human?
Biceps brachii short head does not cross the glenohumeral joint. It goes on the humerus to allow for more elbow flexion power.
Glenoid angle is more vertical and provides the position for the arm to get over the head without relying on scapulohumeral rhythm
Longer and narrower scapula provides larger attachments for scapula stabilizers
Name all the actions of the rotator cuff muscles
Supraspinatus: abduction of glenohumeral joint, glenohumeral stability
Infraspinatus: external rotation and extension of glenohumeral joint, glenohumeral stability
Teres minor: external rotation, extension and adduction of glenohumeral joint, glenohumeral stability
Subscapularis: internal rotation and flexion of glenohumeral joint, glenohumeral stability
What is the superficial frontline? (Be aware of which are bony stations and myofascial tracks)
1. Dorsal surface of toe phalanges
2. Short and long toe extensors, tibialis anterior, anterior crural compartment
3. Tibial tuberosity
4. Subpatellar tendon
5. Patella
6. Rectus femoris
7. Anterior inferior iliac spine
8. Pubic tubercle
9. Rectus femoris
10. 5th rib
11. Sternalis
12. Sternal manubrium
13. Sternocleidomastoid
14. Mastoid process
15. Scalp fascia
Bolded: bony stations
Not bolded: myofascial tracks
What is the superficial backline? (Be aware which are bony stations and myofascial tracks)
1. Plantar surface of toe phalanges
2. Plantar fascia, short toe flexors
3. Calcaneus/Achilles tendon
4. Gastrocnemius
5. Condyles of femur
6. Hamstrings
7. Ischial tuberosity
8. Sacrotuberous ligament
9. Sacrum
10. Sacrolumbar fascia/erector spinae
11. Occipital ridge
12. Galea aponeurotica/epicranial fascia
13. Frontal bone, supraorbital ridge
Bolded: bony stations
Not bolded: myofascial tracks
Draw the brachial plexus
Refer to Greg's vascular Powerpoint lecture