Bony Landmarks
This structure on the scapula serves as the attachment site for the long head of the biceps brachii.
What is the supraglenoid tubercle?
The coracoclavicular ligament is composed of these two ligaments, which stabilize the acromioclavicular joint.
What are the conoid and trapezoid ligaments?
The primary muscle responsible for horizontal adduction of the arm.
What is the pectoralis major?
A football player suffered a fall on the lateral shoulder and now has visible deformity at the acromioclavicular joint.
What is an AC joint separation?
This sharp edge runs along the medial border of the radius and serves as the attachment for the interosseous membrane.
What is the interosseous border (crest) of the radius?
This part of the glenohumeral joint capsule is the least reinforced and is the most common site of anterior shoulder dislocations.
What is the inferior capsule?
This elbow flexor is not affected by forearm pronation or supination because it inserts on the ulna.
What is the brachialis?
A baseball pitcher presents with medial elbow pain, and valgus stress testing is positive. This injury may require Tommy John surgery.
What is ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) injury?
This small depression on the superior scapula provides a passage for the suprascapular nerve, but not the suprascapular artery.
What is the suprascapular notch?
This ligament, composed of anterior, posterior, and transverse bands, stabilizes the medial side of the elbow.
What is the medial (ulnar) collateral ligament?
This movement of the scapula occurs when raising the arm overhead, involving the trapezius and serratus anterior.
What is upward rotation?
A nanny/parent is pulling a toddler’s arm, and the child suddenly stops using the arm. The elbow is slightly flexed and pronated.
What is radial head subluxation (nursemaid’s elbow)?
This roughened area on the inferior surface of the clavicle serves as the attachment for the coracoclavicular ligament.
What is the conoid tubercle?
This ligament stabilizes the sternoclavicular joint by connecting the sternal ends of both clavicles.
What is the interclavicular ligament?
This paired motion allows for full abduction of the shoulder and involves a 2:1 ratio of humeral to scapular movement.
What is scapulohumeral rhythm?
The carrying angle of the elbow is normally this range in degrees in males and females, respectively.
What is 10–15 degrees in females and 5–10 degrees in males?
This distal ulnar landmark serves as an attachment for the ulnar collateral ligament and is palpable at the wrist.
What is the ulnar styloid process?
The scapulothoracic joint is not a true synovial joint but contributes to shoulder mobility through this coordinated movement.
What is scapulohumeral rhythm?
This muscle is often used in tendon graft surgeries and can be tested using the "lift-off test."
What is the subscapularis?
The serratus anterior muscle is innervated by this nerve, which, when damaged, can result in a "winged scapula."
What is the long thoracic nerve?