Diagnostics
N/V
& Hernias
GERD
Gastritis
PUD
100
Test which outlines anatomical abnormalities after patient swallows radio opaque solution.
What is Barium Swallow
100
This is the first choice for PO fluid when recovering from N/V.
What is water
100
Describe the etiology of GERD
HCL acid and pepsin reflux into lower esophagus and cause inflammation
100
Most common organism that causes gastritis.
What is H Pylori
100
Where are peptic ulcers most commonly located?
Duodenum
200
Test is which a patient breathes into a balloon, then swallows lemon flavored liquid, and tests again in 15 minutes.
What is H Pylori urea breath test
200
Three non drug therapies for N/V.
*Accupuncture, *Ginger/peppermint oil, *Relaxation exercises, *Mouth care, & *Environment
200
Three major s/s of GERD:
heartburn, dyspepsia, & hypersalivation
200
The diagnosis of acute gastritis is often based on a hx of this behavior.
What is drug & alcohol abuse
200
Two medications that commonly cause PUD:
Aspirin & NSAIDS
300
Test used to directly visualize the esophagus & gastric mucosa
What is EGD esphagogastroduodenoscopy
300
The mechanism of action for Reglan?
Promotility (pro-kinetic). Enhances ACH →↑ gastric emptying
300
This type of drug blocks the release of HCl acid and should be taken 15-30 minutes before the first meal of the day.
Proton pump inhibitors
300
Why is smoking contraindicated in Gastritis and PUD?
It irritates the mucosa
300
The most common complication of PUD.
Hemorrhage
400
Describe the significance of emesis that is bright red vs coffee ground.
Bright red = active bleeding; Coffee ground = old blood (has been in contact with HCl acid)
400
What causes a hernia?
* Weakening of abd muscles, * ↑ intraabdominal pressure, (obesity, ascites, tumors, heavy lifting), * Trauma, & * congenital weakness
400
Name six teaching points for care of GERD:
*Lose weight, *Stop smoking & ETOH use, *Avoid milk, *Small/freq meals, *Sleep with HOB ↑, *No tight clothes around waist, & * don't lie down for 2-3 hr p meals
400
At what time of the day should antacids be taken and why?
Take after meals. If taken on full stomach, last 3-4 hrs; If taken on empty stomach last 20-30 minutes
400
This disease commonly occurs after a major physiologic insult such as trauma.
Stress Related Mucosal Disease
500
Test to measure the pressure inside the lower part of the esophagus.
Esophageal manometry
500
Which type of hernia can be an emergency and why?
Rolling hernia because it can cause strangulation
500
Name four complications of GERD
*esophagitis & ulcers, *esophageal strictures, *dysphagia, *Barrett's esophagus, *aspiration, *dental erosion, *cough, * asthma, bronchitis, & pneumonia
500
How can autoimmune gastritis cause pernicious anemia?
It kills parietal cells of stomach which prevents release of intrinsic factor → mal-absorption of cobalamin (Vit B 12). Cobalamin is essential for growth or RBC → pericious anemia
500
What is the most lethal complication of PUD and what are the symptoms?
PERFORATION *Sudden onset, *Severe abdominal pain, *Board like abdominal muscles, *Shallow rapid resp, *Weak rapid pulse, & *N/V
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