GI Structures & Assessment
This is the innermost layer of the GI tract wall, followed by the submucosa, muscle layers, and serosa
What is the mucosa (or mucosal lining)?
The primary factor in the development of GERD is the incompetence of this specific muscular valve
What is the lower esophageal sphincter (LES)?
This spiral-shaped bacterium is found in the GI tract of 90% of patients with duodenal ulcers.
What is Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)?
Immediately following the insertion of a nasogastric tube, this diagnostic tool is the "gold standard" for verifying correct placement.
What is a radiograph (or X-ray)?
These drugs irreversibly bind to the H+/K+ ATPase enzyme, resulting in a temporary block of all gastric acid secretion
What are proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)?
To avoid altering bowel sounds, this is the specific step in a physical exam that must follow inspection but precede percussion and palpation.
What is auscultation?
This precancerous condition involves metaplasia of the esophageal cells and requires regular monitoring via endoscopy.
What is Barrett’s esophagus?
Presenting with a rigid, board-like abdomen and absent bowel sounds, this is the most lethal complication of PUD.
What is perforation?
During a massive GI bleed, this hourly measurement is considered one of the best indicators of vital organ perfusion.
What is urine output?
This drug acts as a "liquid bandage" by binding to the base of ulcers and protecting them from pepsin.
What is sucralfate (Carafate)?
Located within the liver lobules, these specialized scavenger cells perform phagocytosis to remove bacteria from the blood.
What are Kupffer cells?
Characterized by a "sour" taste in the mouth and halitosis, this condition involves saclike outpouchings of the esophageal layers.
What are esophageal diverticula?
This postoperative complication occurs when a large hypertonic bolus of food pulls fluid into the bowel lumen 15 to 30 minutes after eating.
What is dumping syndrome?
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Before a liver biopsy, the nurse is most concerned if the patient’s results for this specific blood test reach 32 seconds.
What is Prothrombin time (PT)?
Use of this antacid salt is associated with diarrhea and is strictly contraindicated in patients with renal failure.
What are magnesium salts (magnesium hydroxide)?
This major branch of the abdominal aorta is responsible for supplying blood to the distal portion of the small intestine and extending through the mid-portion of the large intestine.
What is the superior mesenteric artery (SMA)?
In this rare chronic disorder, the lower two-thirds of the esophagus lacks peristalsis and the LES fails to relax.
What is achalasia?
This term refers to the black, tarry stools that indicate a slow bleed from an upper gastrointestinal source.
What is melena?
Aspirates with a pH of this number or lower typically indicate that an NG tube has been correctly placed in the stomach.
What is five?
This prostaglandin E analogue is specifically indicated for the prevention of gastric ulcers induced by NSAIDs.
What is misoprostol (Cytotec)?
Secreted by parietal cells in the gastric glands, this substance is essential for the eventual absorption of cobalamin (Vitamin B12).
What is intrinsic factor?
Patients with this titanium bead reflux management system must be warned that they can never undergo an MRI.
What is the LINX system?
This surgical procedure involves the anastomosis of the remaining stomach to the jejunum.
What is a Billroth II (gastrojejunostomy)?
This is the temperature range, known as the "danger zone," where bacteria in food multiply most rapidly.
What is 40 to 140 degrees Fahrenheit?
In older adults, this class of acid-controllers, including famotidine, may cause side effects like confusion and disorientation
What are Histamine 2 (H2) receptor antagonists?