Antihistamines
block action of histamine @H1 receptor and muscarinic receptor sites causing relaxation of smooth muscle, ⬇GI/respiratory lacrimal/salivary secretions, & capillary permeability
What are antihistamines?
What are Adrenergic Decongestants?
These drugs are for non-productive cough relief
What are opioid and nonopioid antitussives?
This drug reduces the viscosity of secretion by increasing respiratory tract fluid
What is Guaifenesin?
What is Diphenhydramine which is a Traditional Antihistamine ?
Avoid pts with HTN, severe CAD, breastfeeding, children <4 yrs old, and/or concurrent MAOI therapy.
Pt may experience Meth-head behaviors (nervousness/anxiety/excitability, insomnia, restlessness, palpitations, HTN, tachycardia, anorexia)
Don't mix with‼️: adrenergic drugs and beta blockers
Administer 2hr before bedtime and swallow whole!!
No improvement within 7 days = notify provider
What are contraindications, adverse effects, education, and drug-interactions of Pseudoephedrine?
This drug suppresses the cough reflex through direct action on the medulla and can relieve pain.
‼️Cannot be taken with alcohol or if pt is pregnant, ICP, COPD, Liver disease, impaired renal function, hypercapnia, anorexia, BPH, has opioid dependency, respiratory depression, and/or GI obstruction‼️
Fall Safety!! Check ABGs
Overdose = Naloxone⭐️
Purple Drank/Lean
What are the contraindications and nursing implications for Codeine/Hydrocodone (opioids)?
This is an ER tablet that should be swallowed whole and followed by a full glass of water.
Maintain fluid intake of 1500-2000mL/day
⚠️Kidney Failure and hypernatremia
‼️Fever, sore throat, headache, skin-rash, > 1 week cough = medical attention
What are the nursing indications and client education for Guaifenesin?
Pt's with glaucoma, cardiac disease/HTN, kidney disease, BPH, peptic ulcer disease, seizure disorders, and Cat. B pregnancy CANNOT receive this type of antihistamine.
Must AVOID alcohol, MAOIs, and CNS depressants
What are the contraindications and Drug Interactions of Traditional Antihistamines ?
This is an adrenergic decongestant that is very potent and has a prompt onset.
Pts with glaucoma and <2 years old cannot have this medication
Pt may experience burning, stinging, dryness of nasal muscosa, sneezing, and rebound congestion
!! don't use > 3 days because leads to dependency !!
What is Oxymetazoline?
Nonopioid antitussive liquid oral suspension drug that requires shaking before use and delayed fluid consumption to prevent dilution.‼️No alcohol or CNS depressants‼️
⚠️Fever, angina, headache, skin-rash, > 1 week cough = medical attention
What is Dextromethorphan?
This drug reduces cold symptoms and recovery time when taken early due to immunostimulant effects. Commonly used for antisepsis.
😵💫 dermatitis, Gi upset, dizziness, headache, and unpleasant taste
⚠️clients with HIV/AIDs, TB, connective tissue diseases, and multiple sclerosis
What are the adverse effects and contraindications of Echinacea?
😵💫: blurred vision, palpitations, dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention, drowsiness/sedation (FALL RISK), and seizures.
The nurse should monitor BP/VS, take with meals, avoid other OTC cold/cough meds, and take sugar-free gum for dry mouth
What are the adverse effects and nursing implications for traditional antihistamines?
This is the most effective drug for prevention and treatment of seasonal/perennial rhinitis
Can take up to 2-4 weeks to see full effects
not associated w/ rebound congestion
Antiinflammatory effect (decrease inflammation)
associated with slowing of linear growth in children !!
What are Inhaled Intranasal Corticosteroids?
Nonopioid antitussive that must be swallowed whole. ⚠️Fever, angina, headache, > 1 week cough = medical attention
What is Benzonatate?
This is antihistamine is non-sedating as it only acts on the peripheral nervous system meaning there are less adverse effects. These are more expensive, longer duration, DONT cross BBB.
What are 2nd-Gen Antihistamine?
Shake well before use, prime unit with 6-7x sprays (first time use), gently blow nose before use.
No improvement within 1 month or worsen = contact provider
What is client education for Inhaled intranasal Corticosteroids?