People
In the late nineteenth-century cities, doctors, lawyers, engineers, managers, social workers, architects, and teachers made up a growing
middle class
What philosophy held that some people fail in life because of circumstances beyond their control?
naturalism
Tammany Hall was the name of a
political machine.
In which American city did the first salaried baseball team play?
Cincinnati
Many immigrants left Europe to escape poverty, the restrictions of social class, forced military service, high food prices, population pressure and
religious persecution
William M. Tweed was
the party boss of a political machine
Social Darwinism was used by some industrial leaders to justify
laissez-faire capitalism.
In 1896, the Supreme Court's decision in PLESSY v. FERGUSON upheld the doctrine of
"separate but equal"
Crime was a growing problem in American cities in the late nineteenth century, but even bigger threats were posed by
disease and pollution
In the early 1860s, Chinese immigrants came to the United States to
work on the transcontinental railroad
Booker T Washington, the most famous African American of the late nineteenth century, urged African Americans to
postpone the fight for civil rights and concentrate instead on economic goals
The Workingman's Party of California was formed to
fight Chinese immigration
To win the votes of poor whites in the 1890s, Democratic leaders in the South began appealing to
racism
Political machines provided city dwellers with many necessities, but many machine politicians grew rich as the result of
graft
In public schools, immigrant children learned English and were taught about American history and culture, a process known as
Americanization
Mary Church Terrell was an African American leader who campaigned against lynching, worked for woman suffrage, and helped to found the
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.
In 1886, African American farmers responded to discrimination they faced in the South by forming the
Colored Farmers' National Alliance
Some Populist proposals were enacted decades after the party's demise, including some governmental regulation of the economy and
a graduated income tax
The world’s first skyscraper, built in 1885, was
10 stories tall.
Nativism in the late 1800s was focused on Asian immigrants, Jewish immigrants and
eastern European immigrants
Ida B. Wells was an African American journalist who launched a campaign against
lynching
The Social Gospel movement worked to better conditions in cities according to
biblical ideals of charity and justice
During the presidential campaign of 1888, Republican candidate Benjamin Harrison, who supported high tariffs on imported goods, received large contributions from
industrialists (or businessmen)
In the late 1800s, the most common form of mass transit was the
horsecar
The wave of immigrants that arrived in the late nineteenth century changed American society by
changing the face and size of American cities