What are two federal policies that had a disastrous affect on urban life?
100
White Flight
What is the exodus of white residents from inner cities to the suburbs?
100
States can manage cities in either one of these two ways
What is Home Rule or Dillon's Rule
100
President Reagan's economic policies were known as this
What is Reaganomics?
100
Global cities
What are the hubs of where international financial and service transactions take place?
200
Taking private property for a public purpose
What is eminent domain
200
Marketing the suburbs
What is the "American Dream"
200
This sector replaced manufacturing
What is the FIRE (Finance, Insurance and Real Estate) sector?
200
Policies that favoured supply-side economics and focused on facilitating the maximization of profits to business interests through the return of liberal economics
What is neoliberalism
200
Empowerment Zone is based on this assumption
What is that inner cities remain in poverty because of a lack of private disinvestment.
300
alliances between mayors/businesses, local and federal government, and alternative financing
What are ways that made urban renewal easy to achieve?
300
Reasons that developers would not build in cities
What are more dense and thus risky investments, less building restrictions, easy financing, and crumbling cities
300
CDBG
What is the Community Development Block Grant? A program that collapsed the urban renewal and other grant programs into one single block grant
300
Where the federal and state governments download responsibilities onto municipal governments but do not provide the funding to help pay for those extra responsibilities.
What is devolution?
300
Marcuse argues that economic globalization has caused "this"
What is increased socio-spatial segregation
400
racial and social segregation
What is one of the major impacts of urban renewal?
400
Land use tools that contributed to socio-spatial segregation
What are subdivision regulations, zoning, and federal loan guarantee programs?
400
Local governments provided developers with these to incite them to redevelop downtown cores
What are tax breaks and relaxed zoning regulations
400
Characteristics of neoliberalism
What are free market reign, cutbacks in social services, deregulation and privatization
400
Clinton's "New Federal Order" has these consequences for cities
What is increased pressure to provide jobs, education and services for the poor, as well as become creative in how to make money
500
Congress allowed "this" to be done away with when cities applied for urban renewal grant money
What is "predominantly residential" purposes?
500
These factors allowed the Interstate Highway Program to decimate cities
What are easier access to areas outside city limits, easy commute, access to shopping centers, and cutting through urban areas
500
Large scale development projects contribute to these negative effects on urban life
What are poverty, unemployment, and gentrification
500
Neoliberalism - "rollback" and "roll-out"
What is rolling back the welfare state, policies and institutions and rolling out new institutions that reproduce a neoliberal state
500
Empowerment Zone only had limited success due to these factors
What is very limited funding and structural issues surrounding business development and job training in the designated distressed urban neighborhoods