Immigration
What is the name of the processing center in New York that was the first stop for most European Immigrants?
Ellis Island
Why was crime a larger problem in cities?
More people living close together meant that there was more opportunity for pickpockets etc
What is the Social Gospel?
People should help improve conditions for the poor in cities, based on the idea of Christian charity
What political party was formed by the Farmer's Alliance?
The Populist Party/People's Party
What is the name for the laws enforcing segregation in the South?
Jim Crow
Define Nativism
Hostility towards immigrants by the native-born population
List some causes of urban pollution
Soot and smoke from factories, manure from horses, poor sewage systems
Explain the Gospel of Wealth
The wealthy have the responsibility to use their money for philanthropy (to help others).
What were the main goals of The Grange?
For the government to regulate railroad rates and for farmers to create cooperatives so that they could raise prices.
What is the name for the community of African Americans who left the south for Kansas and Oklahoma?
Exodusters
Most Jewish immigrants from Eastern Europe were leaving in order to avoid...
pogroms (state-sanctioned violence against them)
What is a Tenement?
A crowded apartment building, common form of housing for the working class
What does "realism" mean when talking about art and literature?
Portraying the world as it actually is
What were the major problems facing farmers at the end of the 19th century?
Low crop prices, high railroad rates, tariffs mean they couldn't sell overseas
How did Southern governments limit the ability of African American's to vote.
Poll taxes, literacy tests
When immigrants moved to cities, where did they tend to live?
In neighborhoods with other people from their home country
What was the impact of public transportation on where people lived
People no longer need to live near where they work, the different classes start living in different areas
What was the goal of the Pendelton Act?
To limit the spoils system and professionalize the civil service by making sure government workers were actually qualified for their jobs.
Who were the candidates in the election of 1896 and what did they support?
William Jennings Bryan (Democrat) supported coining silver. William McKinley (Republican) supported by big business, liked the gold standard
What was the result of the Plessy vs Ferguson case?
Segregation was legal, established "separate but equal"
Prejudice towards the Chinese community increased after what was completed?
The transcontinental railroad
Explain the relationship between Thomas Nast and Boss Tweed
Boss Tweed was the party boss of the Tammany Hall political machine that controlled New York. Thomas Nast was a political cartoonist who used his cartoons to criticize Tweed and eventually turn the public against him
Why was Social Darwinism popular among business leaders?
It applied Darwin's theory of natural selection to human society. If the fittest naturally survive, it means that Rockefeller isn't successful because he underpays his workers but rather because according to the laws of nature those that survive are fit to do so.
Explain deflation and why it was a problem for farmers?
Deflation is when the money supply decreases, so prices go up. Farmers usually borrowed money every year to pay for seeds and other supplied. Less money available meant it was more expensive to borrow, they had to pay a higher interest rate.
Explain the debate between Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. Du Bois
Washington thought that African Americans should focus on economic goals and not demand political equality immediately. Du Bois thought that African Americans should demand full civil rights, particularly the right to vote.