Inventions
planting a different crop in the same field each year to allow the soil to regenerate
crop rotation
What type of laborers made the least amount of money?
Children
What does urban mean?
has to do with cities
economic system in which people invest money to make a profit
capitalism
before the invention of the steam engine, factories needed to be built here
near rivers
used to power trains, ships, and entire factories
steam engine
What was one of the natural advantages Britain had to start the Industrial Revolution?
coal, iron, sheep, rivers
in which country did the industrial revolution and urbanization begin?
Great Britain, England
organized refusal to work
Strike
places where people worked
mills or factories
allowed the operator to spin multiple threads simultaneously
spinning jenny
12-16+ hours
prior to the invention of the steam engine, where did factories have to be located?
along rivers
organized groups of workers that bargain with business owners to get better pay and working conditions
union
an overcrowded urban street or district inhabited by very poor people
slum
mechanized device designed to automate the weaving process
power loom
What group of workers represented the middle class?
White Collar Workers
The invention of what encouraged the growth of cities?
belief that businesses should be owned by society as a whole
socialism
type of building shared by multiple families, typically the urban poor. Conditions were dark and dirty. Disease spread.
enabled the rapid separation of seeds from cotton fibers
cotton gin
The invention of what encouraged rapid production in factories and more monotonous jobs?
Assembly line
What is one effect of the industrial revolution on the middle class?
more wealth, more leisure time, more time for activities
economic theory that argues that governments should not interfere with business affairs
laissez faire
Rapid growth made this city crowded and filthy. One of the first industrialized and urban cities.
Manchester or Liverpool