GENESIS
Which breeding method involves crossing two parents with desirable but different characteristics?
hybridization
Fertilizer applied uniformly over the soil surface is called
broadcasting
Birds feed on ripening rice grains and reduce the farmer's harvest.What type of production factor do the birds represent?
biotic factor
A farmer grows corn and mungbean simultaneously in the same field. What system is being practiced?
intercropping
A vegetable grower rapidly cools freshly harvested produce to slow deterioration. What process is being controlled?
respiration
Planting material produced vegetatively and genetically identical to the parent plant is called a ___
clone
A farmer plants too many seedlings per square meter and observes intense competition for light and nutrients. What factor is excessive?
density
A plant closes these structures during severe water stress to reduce water loss. What leaf structures are involved?
stomata
A sloping farm loses topsoil during heavy rainfall. The farmer establishes contour strips across the slope to slow water movement.
What conservation practice is being used?
contouring
A farmer produces 5 tons/ha but loses a substantial amount during handling, transportation, and storage. What type of loss occurred?
postharvest
Which seed class maintains the highest genetic identity and purity among the commonly recognized classes?
Breeder seed
A farmer uses GPS, soil nutrient maps, and yield maps to apply accurate fertilizer rates to different areas of the field.Which concept is being demonstrated?
precision agriculture
A soil with high clay and organic matter can retain more positively charged nutrients. What property explains this?
cation exchange capacity (CEC)
A farmer plants corn at 75 cm × 25 cm spacing. Assuming one plant per hill, what is the approximate plant population per hectare?
53, 333 plants/ha
Mang Kanor noticed his calamansi fruits started turning yellow a few days after harvest. What postharvest process is responsible for this change?
degreening
A freshly harvested seed lot is viable but fails to germinate despite having adequate moisture, oxygen, and temperature. What condition is present?
dormancy
A variety performs extremely well in Province A but poorly in Province B, while another variety performs consistently across both provinces. Which phenomenon BEST explains the difference?
GxE interaction
An infested area is restricted to prevent movement of the pest to pest-free areas. What measure is being implemented?
quarantine
A farmer plants Zea mays in his field. Before fully harvesting the first crop, he plants Glycine max in the same field. Write the appropriate cropping system the farmer utilized.
corn/soybean
A 2,000-kg grain lot at 18% moisture is dried to 14%. What is the final grain weight?
1906.98
A farmer must choose between Lot A with 99% germination but low vigor and Lot B with 95% germination but high vigor for planting under stressful field conditions. Which should be selected?
Lot B
A seed lot contains 2,000 seeds. After sowing, 1,840 seeds germinate. However, 5% of the germinated seedlings subsequently die. Approximately how many healthy established seedlings remain?
1748
A crop is exposed to high temperature, low humidity, and strong wind. Transpiration increases rapidly and leaves wilt despite moist soil. What process is primarily responsible for the rapid water loss?
transpiration
A coconut farm produces 8 t/ha, but a pest outbreak reduces yield by 40%. A coconut+banana farm produces 7 t/ha coconut, but the affected crop loses 20%. Which system produces more after pest losses?
What type of cropping system is it?
coconut+banana
intercropping
A farm harvests 12,000 kg of produce. Postharvest losses are:
Harvesting: 5%
Handling: 10%
Storage: 15%
Assuming losses occur sequentially, how much reaches the market?
8721 kg