Color and clarity
What UTI medication are people typically taking when we see a urine color of neon orange/red?
Pyridium/phenazopyridine
What temperature are Reagent strips stored at?
Room Temperature!
What must you do when an interference like bilirubin or pyridium is present in urine and gives possibly false positives on the reagent strip? An example?
Confirmatory testing! Example Icto test for bilirubin
True or False:Proteinuria always means a renal disease is present.
False
When performing the SSA test, what are you looking for to receive a positive result?
Cloudiness/precipitate formation
What color of urine is typically associated with bilirubin and what other observation seen in urine is typically indicative of bilirubin?
“Beer” Brown and typically has foaming present at the top of the sample.
When using a fresh specimen for reagent strip testing, what length of time must is be brought to the lab? And if you cannot use specimen within allotted time what temperature should it be stored at until you are able to test specimen?
Must receive within 2 hours and must be at fridge temp 2-8 degrees Celsius if you cannot use within 2 hours of being collected. Do not forget: if it comes out of fridge it must return to RT before running tests!
Highly ? Urines causes major error in protein reaction
Alkaline - increases pH causing color change unrelated to protein levels
Causes of proteinuria are based on what? And what are they?
Location
1.prerenal, 2.Renal, 3.postrenal
Acid
What will typically show up positive on a reagent strip when urine sample is a pinkish-red color?
Blood/Erythrocytes
Reagent strips produce measurements in semiquantitative values. What are those values?
Trace, +, ++, +++, ++++
aka 1+, 2+, 3+, 4+
High specific gravity and low temp can cause a ? (Increase or decrease) in test sensitivity?
Decrease!
What type of Proteinuria is usually not detected by reagent strips?
Prerenal proteinuria
Which test involves dropping a tablet into a urine sample, letting it boil for 15 seconds then reading the results based on a color chart?
Clinitest
What condition is typically present with amber colored urine specimens?
Dehydration!
List at least 3 of the 8 advantages to using reagent strips.
Convenience and greater speed, fewer people needed, cost effective, stability, relative ease in learning, disposability, small sample volume, space savings
When getting a positive read for ketones on a reagent strip, what is something to consider that may be causing an elevated or false positive result?
A high meat diet/ keto diet!
What are some causes of tubular proteinuria?
Exposure to toxic substances, heavy metals, severe viral infections
What is one of the first chemical tests on urine that tests for reducing sugars?
Copper reduction test!
List the 4 clarity types in order from most to least transparent.
Clear
Hazy
Cloudy
Turbid
List the 9 things a reagent strip tests for!
pH, protein, glucose, ketones, blood, bilirubin, urobilinogen, nitrate, leukocytes, and specific gravity
When running any type of test in order to ensure as accurate reading as possible you must keep in mind what?
Timing of the test! Always make sure you are reading results within allotted time frame.
Explain glomerular proteinuria
The glomerular membrane is damaged and causes excess serum proteins and eventually WBCS AND RBCS to pass into the filtrate.
List the 6 steps in the Acetest Procedure
1. Centrifuge urine, 2. Place tablet on dry clean white paper, 3. Place 1 drop of urine on the table, 4. Wait 30 seconds, 5.compare color of tablet to color chart, 6. Report results as negative, small, moderate, or large