Renal Physiology
Chemical/
Physical Examination
Physical Examination
Microscopic Examination
Disease States
100
What is considered the normal rate in which glomerular filtrate is produced?
a. 1200 mL/ min
b. 120 mL/min
c. 50 mL/min
d. 60 mph
b. 120 mL/min
100
The volume of an average daily urine output is...
1200 mL
100
Renal tubular epithelial cells which contain lipids.
What are oval fat bodies?
100
In which disease is Bence Jones protein found in urine?
Multiple Myeloma
200
When the body is adequately hydrated, ADH will (inc/dec) and urine volume will (inc/dec).
Body well hydrated =
ADH will decrease
Urine volume will increase
200
A cloudy urine specimen with decreased glucose and nitrites indicates presence of...
Bacteria
200
These cells are most commonly associated with a non-clean-catch specimen and/or vaginal contamination.
What are squamous epithelial cells?
200
How can hematuria be distinguished from hemoglobinuria based on the urine's appearance?
Hematuria = intact RBCs, CLOUDY red urine
Hemoglobinuria = Lysed RBCs, CLEAR red/brown urine
300
Which component of the RAAS cascade triggers the release of aldosterone?
a. Angiotensin I
b. Angiotensinogen
c. Renin
d. Angiotensin II
d. Angiotensin II
300
The protein section of the urine reagent test strip is most sensitive to..
a. albumin
b. globulin
c. mucoprotein
d. bence jones protein
a. albumin
300
The type of urinary cast which is most likely to be found in a urine sample from an apparently healthy individual.
What are hyaline casts?
300
A urine specimen is tested and has the following results
Glucose 3+, Protein 1+
>100 WBCs/hpf, many yeast cells
This is indicative of...
a. Contamination
b. Pyelonephritis
c. Diabetes insipidus
d. Diabetes mellitus
d. Diabetes mellitus
400
How does the juxtaglomerular apparatus regulate the efferent and afferent arterioles in a state of low systemic blood pressure?
Larger afferent and smaller efferent arteriole
To maintain consistent glomerular pressue
400
This is the confirmatory test for a positive protein result...
a. Ehrlich reagent
b. Sulfosalicylic acid
c. Diazo reaction
d. Copper reduction tablet
b. Sulfosalicylic acid
400
Identify the type of crystal and whether it is found in acidic or alkaline urine.
What are calcium oxalate crystals found in acidic urine?
400
A urine specimen is collected from a patient showing signs of jaundice. Results come back with increased bilirubin and normal urobilinogen.
What is the likely diagnosis?
a. Hemolytic disease
b. Liver damage
c. Bile duct obstruction
d. Ate too many bananas
c. Bile duct obstruction
500
Which two electrolytes are reabsorbed from the ascending loop of Henle?
Bonus 100 points!: Which are passively vs. actively reabsorbed?
Chloride; actively reabsorbed
Sodium; passively reabsorbed
500
A urine sample was obtained from a patient with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. Describe at least 3 likely physical/chemical results.
Dilute; pale yellow
High specific gravity
Increased glucose
Increased ketones
500
List 3 crystals seen in urine that are associated with liver disorders.
What are tyrosine crystals, leucine crystals, bilirubin crystals, sulfonamide crystals, or ampicillin crystals?
500
A first morning urine specimen and a routine urine specimen (5 hours later) was obtained from a patient with orthostatic proteinuria.
How may protein levels differ in the two specimens collected?
First morning specimen= Little to no protein
Routine specimen (5h later)= increased protein