Urine Chemistry
Urine Chemistry Cont.
Crystals
Sediment
Kidney Function/Anatomy
100

When testing for the Urine pH and old Urine can cause the pH to be falsely _________ 

Alkaline

100

The Ketone body found in highest % is 

Beta-hydroxybutyric acid ( 78%) 

** The dipstick and Acetest only react with Acetoacetic acid and Acetone not B-Hydroxybuterate.. but ok because if any are present the others are also

100

This crystal is found in acidic urine and is typically normal but can be seen increased in gout 


Show Pic 1

Uric Acid 

100

The matrix of casts consist of 

Tamm Horsfall / Uromodulin 

100

The functional unit of the kidney 

Nephron
200

For Urine Dipstick testing the method used for Protein determination is __________ 

Protein Error of Indicators

200

Both the strip and tablet ( Acetest ) methods for Ketones use _____________ and a positive result turns _________

Nitroprusside , Purple

200

This crystal is normally found in alkaline urine and often seen in old urine 

show pic 2

Ammonium biurate

200

Name the following cast and in what state do you usually see them? 

Picture # 6


RBC Cast / acute glomerular disease 

200

The initial glomerular filtrate has the same composition as plasma except for _________

very little protein

300

Highly alkaline urine will cause a false __________ test when using the SSA test for protein 

False Negative  *** This is the opposite of the dipstick method which would be a false positive

300

When plasma Hemoglobin is increased and haptoglobin is saturated you can see hemosiderin , which are iron deposits . The hemosiderin can be seen when stained with_________

Prussian Blue

300

This is an abnormal crystal found in liver disease 

See picture 3

Tyrosine

300

This type of cast is seen with end stage renal disease 


See picture 7

Waxy cast 

300

 patients with diabetes typically have a higher urine output. this is referred to as _______

polyuria

400

The method used for glucose determination on the dipstick is ______________

Glucose oxidase method

400

The strips for Blood use the peroxidase activity of Hgb , with this method what else can cause a positive result? 

very increased WBC ( like Leukemias) 

Oxidizers ( bleach , peroxide, iodine) 

Myoglobin

400

This is an abnormal crystal seen in liver disease 

Bilirubin 

400

What is this 

picture 8 

yeast

400

The normal adult blood volume that passes through the kidneys at a rate of 

1200 ml/min

500

The Clinitest tablets uses the Copper reduction method to test for glucose. If you get a negative dipstick glucose result and a positive Clinitest result what can you conclude? 

The reducing substance present is not glucose 

( could be galactose, fructose , pentose ) 

** also note you can get a positive dipstick and negative clinitest if glucose is >100 but <250

500

Bilirubin method for dipsticks uses what reagent 

diazo


** so does the confirmation Ictotest - Ictotest is more sensitive 

500

This is an abnormal crystal most likely seen in refrigerated urine and likely seen along with fatty casts 

Picture 5

Cholesterol 

500

What is this 

Picture 9

trichomonas vaginalis

500

In a person with normally functioning kidneys , glucosuria occurs when serum glucose concentration exceeds 

180 mg/dl

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