Abnormal Crystals
Normal Crystals
Dipstick Reactions
Microscopic Others
Random
100
This type of crystal is seen when there is excessive tissue breakdown or obstructed lymphs.
What is Cholesterol crystals
100
This type of crystal is seen in alkaline pH urine
What is calcium carbonate
100
Protein error of indicators
What is Protein
100
This is a parasite found in the urine that is considered a contaminant from vaginal secretions
What is trichomonas vaginalis
100
Bilirubin Test
What is Diazo reaction
200
This type of crystal is seen in severe liver disease, cirrhosis, hepatitis, Maple syrup, and Oasthouse disease.
What is a Leucine crystal
200
These can be seen in both alkaline and acidic pHs, however are named differently for each pH used. Name one and define the pH
(Name both and their corresponding pH for x2)
What is amorphous urates (acidic)
What is amorphous phosphates (alkaline)
200
Double sequential enzyme
(bonus if you can draw out one of them x4)
What is Glucose
200
Considered an artifact in urine, these are refractive
What is starch
200
Urinalysis results include:
hematuriaproteinuria
RBC casts
Name the condition
What is Goodpasture syndrome
300
This type of crystal is seen in severe liver disease
What is a bilirubin crystal
300
These crystals are assumed to be in alkaline urine.
What is triple phosphate
300
Acetoacetate acid and nitroprusside
What is ketone
300
These are a true urine parasite but are not often seen in the US
What is Schistosoma haematobium
300
Most common cause for end stage renal disease
What is Diabetic Nephropathy
400
This type of crystal is sometimes confused with uric acid crystals, and to differentiate the two, a polarizer is used. Name one of two reasons these crystals show up in the urine (in the form of a question). (Name both for x2 of earnings)
What is cystinosis
or
What is a metabolic disorder
400
These crystals are in acidic pH
What is calcium oxalate
400
Hemoglobin peroxidase like activity
What is blood
400
This is characteristic of these found in the urine
What is an oval fat body
400
If you were to see many WBCs in clumps, name the condition you may see this occur
What is pyelonephritis
500
This type of crystal is found in 3 different disease states -- name one (form of a question)
(name all 3 for x3)
What is Oasthouse disease
What is severe liver disease
What is tyrosinosis
500
These crystals are known to have multiple shapes. Found in acidic urine.
What is uric acid
500
Urobilinogen
What is p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde
500
In regards to this image, these can be confused with what in the urine
(Bonus) Name one way to differentiate between what is asked and this image
What is RBCs (yeast are in the picture)
How to differentiate:
look for budding
look for hyphal elements
use acetic acid - RBCs lyse, yeast do not
500
Glomerulonephritis is a grouping of disorders that cause inflammation of the kidney structures (mainly the glomerulus)
Name a UA finding that would be expected to increase
What is an increase in RBCs