Anatomy
Renal Vein and Artery
What is the vessel going into the kidney from the aorta and the vessel returning to the vena cava.
Urethra
What is the passage of urine from the bladder out of the body?
Step 1 Glomerular filtration
What is where blood is filtered in the glomerulus? The process occurs across three layers, the epithelium of the Bowman's capsule, the endothelium of the glomerular blood vessels, and a membrane between these two layers.
Aldosterone
What is a steroid hormone made by the adrenal cortex that controls the balance of water, keeps sodium, and releases potassium?
pH of 7.0 is
What is neutral?
Define Extracellular
What is fluid in the body that is not contained in the cells?
Anion
What is an ion that has a negative charge for example bicarbonate, chloride, and phosphate.
Foley catheter placed
What is the urethra and seeded in the bladder.
Bladder
Where urine is collected and urine is temporarily stored.
Step 2 Tubular Reabsorption
What is the proximal convoluted tubule, the descending and ascending loop of Henle? This is where water is primarily reabsorbed along with ions, and nutrients.
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
What promotes blood vessel constriction that helps the kidneys control by increasing the amount of water and salt in the body?
pH of 3 is
What is an acid?
Define Intracellular
What are fluids in the body that are contained in the cell.
Cation
What is an ion that holds a positive charge, for example sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, copper, iron, and mercury.
Organ on top of the kidney
What is the adrenal gland?
Ureter(s)
What are the two tubules that urine flows from the kidney to the bladder?
Step 3 Tubular Secretion
What is the distal tubule? Here tubular cells secrete substances like hydrogen ions, potassium ions, and other ions to manage blood pH and electrolyte balance.
Erythropoietin function
What stimulates red blood cell production? Erythropoietin (EPO) is a glycoprotein hormone made in the kidney.
pH of 7.2 is
What is alkaline?
Sodium
What is a predominantly extracellular cation?
Aquaporins help
What is water? Aquaporins mediate water transport across a semi-permeable membrane in the kidney.
Carries urine to and from the kidney
What is the ureters?
Kidney
What removes waste and toxins, excess water from the bloodstream
Step 4 Urine Concentration
What is the collecting duct? This is where solutes and water are reabsorbed to concentrate urine.
Increases BP
What is aldosterone?
Metabolically changes pH (Organ)
What is the kidney? The kidney manages metabolic changes related to pH.
Potassium
What is a predominately extracellular cation?
Aging effects
What is kidney concentration, decreased number and size of nephrons, increase in blood urea nitrogen, urinary infection, prostate enlargement, decreased bladder capacity, and incontinence?
Layers of tissue around the kidney
What are the renal capsule, perirenal fat capsule then the renal fascia from the innermost to the outermost layers?
Glomerulus
What is the filtering unit of the kidney?
Makes urine yellow
What is uric acid and bile?
Atrial Natriuretic
What is a cardiac hormone that regulates salt, water balance, and blood pressure by promoting renal sodium and water excretion and stimulating vasodilation?
Running changes pH (Organ)
What are the lungs? Respiratory changes to pH require the use of the lungs, anything else is metabolic.
Cloride
What is an extracellular anion?
Restricting Sodium is important for
What is decreasing blood pressure?
Nephron
What are millions of kidney units that contain a glomerulus and a tubule? The glomerulus filters also called glomerular filtration and the tubule substances back into the blood and remove waste.
Renal Pelvis
Where is urine collected and then funneled into the ureter to the bladder?
Water
What is the primary component of urine? Urine is made up of water, urea, creatinine, uric acid, chloride, sodium, potassium, sulfate, ammonium, phosphate, and other ions and other molecules. It is not normal to see glucose (sugars) or protein in the urine.
Renin production
What is the juxtaglomerular apparatus? The JGA is located in the capsule of the nephron.
Sodium Bicarbonate used for
What is a buffering agent used in managing pH.
Interstitial fluid and blood plasma are
What is extracellular fluid?
Activates the Renal Angiotensin System
What is increased blood volume? This is facilitated by aldosterone.