Go with the Flow
What is the minimum normal urine output per hour?
30 mL/hr
What color is stool in an upper GI bleed?
Black/tarry (melena)
Order of abdominal assessment?
Inspect → Auscultate → Percuss → Palpate
Urgency + nighttime bathroom trips create what risk?
Falls
Midstream urine sample reduces what?
Contamination
Cloudy, foul urine and confusion in older adults
Possible UTI
Hard, pebble-like stool indicates…?
Constipation
Flank pain + fever suggests what?
Pyelonephritis
Dusky or purple stoma indicates what?
Ischemia (urgent)
How do you begin a 24-hour urine?
Discard first void
Frequent small voids + pressure suggests what?
Urinary retention
Liquid stool leaking around hard stool suggests…?
Impaction
Best assessment for bladder retention?
Bladder scan
Priority when confused patient keeps getting up to void?
Safety
Where do you obtain urine from a Foley?
Sampling port, never bag
Best first step when no void 5 hours after Foley removal?
Bladder scan
Antibiotics can cause what bowel issue?
Diarrhea/C. diff risk
Absent bowel sounds require listening for how long?
3 to 5 minutes
First action for suspected urosepsis?
Check vitals
Stool for occult blood must avoid what?
Mixing with urine
Which incontinence occurs with coughing/sneezing?
Stress incontinence
Clay-colored stool indicates obstruction of what?
Bile duct
What is expected from an ileostomy?
Liquid stool, high volume
What catheter measure prevents CAUTI?
Maintain closed drainage system
Why refrigerate 24-hour urine?
Preserves sample integrity