A+P Diagnostics
Which lab value is the best indicator of kidney function?
GFR (glomerular filtration rate)
Painful urination, frequency, urgency, and cloudy urine are classic signs of what condition?
UTI (cystitis)
Severe flank pain radiating to the groin is characteristic of which condition?
Renal calculi (kidney stones)
Which female reproductive disorder involves endometrial tissue growing outside the uterus?
Endometriosis
Which STI is known for painless chancre lesions?
Syphilis
What does a urinalysis positive for nitrites suggest?
Bacterial UTI (usually E. coli)
What type of incontinence occurs when urine leaks during coughing or sneezing?
Stress incontinence
Which electrolyte becomes dangerously high in renal failure and can cause dysrhythmias?
Potassium (hyperkalemia)
A woman reports heavy, prolonged menstrual bleeding. What is this called?
Menorrhagia
What condition involves enlargement of the prostate causing urinary hesitancy and weak stream?
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)
What test requires discarding the first urine, collecting all urine for 24 hours, and keeping it on ice?
24-hour urine creatinine clearance test
Which finding in older adults may be the only symptom of a UTI?
Confusion or acute delirium
Name one major cause of chronic kidney disease found in your slides.
Diabetes OR hypertension
Which condition involves benign growths in the uterus and may cause pelvic pressure?
Uterine fibroids (leiomyomas)
Which STI must be reported to public health and can cause infertility if untreated?
Chlamydia
Which diagnostic test visualizes the bladder and urethra using a camera?
Cystoscopy
Which type of incontinence is caused by an overactive detrusor muscle?
Urge incontinence
In hemodialysis, what should the nurse never do on the fistula arm?
BP measurement or venipuncture
What is the most common cause of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)?
Untreated chlamydia or gonorrhea
A man presents with sudden testicular pain and swelling after trauma. What is the priority concern?
Testicular torsion
What hormone produced by the kidneys stimulates RBC production?
Erythropoietin
What complication results when untreated lower UTIs ascend into the kidneys?
Pyelonephritis
Cloudy peritoneal dialysis effluent indicates what serious complication?
Peritonitis
Which reproductive emergency presents with sudden severe unilateral pelvic pain, nausea, and possible shock?
Ovarian torsion
Which male reproductive cancer often has no early symptoms and is screened using PSA and digital rectal exam?
Prostate cancer