two kidneys, two ureters, one urinary bladder, and one urethra
100
What is a Mammogram?
radiographic examination of the soft tissue of the breast
100
What are the 4 reasons a scout projection is taken before the injection of contrast media for an IVU?
Prep, positioning, proper technique, and pathology
100
Hysterosalpinography examines the?
uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries
100
For an AP SCOUT and POSTVOID projection for IVU, where do you center?
Center to the level of iliac crest
200
Which two landmarks can be palpated to locate the kidneys?
xiphoid process and iliac crest
200
What side should the bevel be facing when going into the skin for an IV?
Needs to be facing up
200
When does the timing for an IVU exam start?
at the start of injection of contrast media
200
What are HSG contraindications?
-Pregnancy – 7 – 10 days after menstruation
-Acute Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
-Uterine Bleeding
200
How much obliquity and which side(downside or upside) places the kidney in profile or parallel to the IR and is best demonstrated for an IVU RPO and LPO positioning
30 and the upside
300
Which two processes move urine through the ureters to the bladder?
Peristalsis and gravity
300
What are two types of Mammography and differentiate them.
Screening Mammography-performed to search for breast cancer on asymptomatic women
Diagnostic Mammography- performed on symptomatic women
300
What is the correct term and correct abbreviation for the exam of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder that uses an intravenous injection of contrast media?
Intravenous Urogram, IVU
300
A "safe" to schedule HSG is approx.____ days following the onset of menstruation?
7-10 days
300
For an AP Cystography Projection, where is the central ray and how much do you angle the tube?
center 2 inches superior to symphysis pubis with a 10-15 caudad tube angle
400
What term means an excessive inferior displacement of the kidney when erect?
Nephroptosis
400
What procedure is considered the functional study of the bladder and urethra?
Voiding Cystourethrogram
400
Why is the term IVP incorrect in describing a radiographic examination of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder following intravenous injection of contrast media?
Intravenous pyelogram is a study of the renal pelvis
400
HSG is therapeutic to?
restore normal patency of narrowed or obstructed fallopian tubes
400
What is the correct exposure angle for producing a larger section of tissue in relative focus for a Nephrotomogram
10 degree angle or less
500
What is the name of the junction found between the distal ureters and urinary bladder?
Ureterovesical Junction, UVJ
500
What degree of angle should the needle be entering the skin for an IV? Once in the skin, what should the angle drop down to?
Entering the skin- 45
In the veins- decrease to 15
500
List the basic five steps imaging projections for a routine IVU?
1 min nephrogram, 5 min AP Supine, 15 min AP Supine, 20 min posterior obliques, and postvoid prone or AP erect
500
In HSG, the contrast medium injection continues until ______
contrast medium spills into the peritoneal cavity
500
how much do you oblique the patient for an LPO and RPO Cystography and where is the central ray?
45-60 @ 2 inches superior to symphysis pubis and 2 inches medial to ASIS