Anatomy and Physiology
The amount of urine made each day.
What is 1 - 1.5 L?
On an x-ray, this is missing when a patient has unilateral renal agenesis.
What is a kidney?
These are considered the most common of all bacterial infections.
What are Urinary Tract Infections (UTI's)?
By the age of 20, they are twice as likely to occur in women and they may occur more frequently in those whom are sexually active.
The functional unit of the kidney.
What is the nephron?
On an x-ray, an ectopic kidney is often seen in a pelvic location or a _________ location.
What is sacral?
This anomaly results from mutations of the PKD-1 and PKD-2 genes and occurs in 1 in 1000 live births.
What is Polycystic Kidney Disease?
The urethra opens to the exterior of the body via this.
What is urinary meatus?
When a ureter can be visualized on an x-ray crossing the midline of the body and the kidneys are fused, this is called
What is crossed ectopy?
This is often more common in women because of their short urethra allowing bacteria easier access to the bladder.
What is Cystitis?
These lie on top of the kidneys.
What are the adrenal glands?
When seen on an xray, this anomaly is described as having a "cobra head" appearance.
What is ureterocele?
This is an immunologic reaction that may follow streptococcal infection of the upper respiratory tract or the middle ear.
What is acute glomerulonephritis?
This is where the kidneys are located.
What is between T12 and L3?
On the x-ray of a patient who's bladder has been surgically removed, this is likely seen.
What is double ureter emptying into a loop of bowel?
The most common malignant tumor of the kidney accounting for approximately 2% of all adult related cancer deaths.
What is Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC)?
Occurs 2-3 times more frequently in men than in women with increased instance after the age of 50.