TERMINOLOGY
Factors Affecting Urinary Elimination
Normal Function
Medications
Mish Mash
100
Strong peristaltic waves that attempt to move an obstruction into the bladder.
What is renal colic?
100
Sometimes called "water pills"
What are diuretics?
100
Where urine is formed in the kidney
What is the nephron?
100
A bladder analgesic used to treat bladder spasms which may cause urine to turn deep orange-red in color.
What is phenazopyridine Hydrochloride
100
digoxin, anti-hypertensives, lithium, certain anti-depressants, and cyclosporine.
What medications have significant interactions with diuretics?
200
Aldosterone.
What is the renal hormone responsible for retention of water and increasing blood volume?
200
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
What does consuming large amounts of alcohol impair resulting in the increased production of urine?
200
1.5 L
What is the normal amount of urine produced per day?
200
Diuretics.
What medications treat blood pressure, fluid retention, and edema by increasing elimination of urine?
200
Sexually active women, women who use spermicidal contraceptive gel, older women, men with enlarged prostates, people with kidney stones, anyone who has an indwelling catheter, people who have diabetes mellitus, people with a history of UTI's.
What are risk factors for urinary tract infections
300
Erythropoietin
What stimulates bone marrow to produce RBC's and prolong the life of mature RBC's?
300
May block normal flow of urine.
What are renal calculi (stones)?
300
When the bladder is overly full and the bladder pressure exceeds sphincter pressure resulting in involuntary loss of urine.
What is overflow incontinence?
300
antihistamines anticholinergic/antispasmodics tricyclic antidepressants
What are medications that cause urinary retention?
300
Urinary WBC's, pyuria, urgency, frequency, dysuria.
What are the classic signs of a UTI?
400
The contraction of the detrusor muscle that pushes the urine through the relaxed internal urethral sphincter in to the urethra.
What is micturition (voiding, urination)?
400
Interferes with the flow of urine in older men.
What is Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy?
400
Dehydration is indicated based on this urine test.
What is very high Specific gravity indicative of?
400
Lower BP, loss of electrolytes, muscle cramps, skin rash, increased sensitivity to light , dizziness, lightheadedness
What are common side effects of diuretics?
400
An acute rise in the serum creatinine levels of 25% or more. May be caused by inadequate blood flow to the kidney, injury to the kidney, or obstruction of kidney outflow.
What is acute renal failure?
500
Medications that are damaging to kidneys.
What is nephrotoxic?
500
A life threatening problem that effects the heart rate and blood pressure and is caused by an overly full bladder.
What is hyperreflexia?
500
Cranberry juice and vitamin C
What are fluids that will decrease bacterial urinary infections of the bladder.
500
Diuretics which reduce the amount of water in the body, but do not cause potassium loss.
What are potassium sparing diuretics?
500
Urine output of less than 400mL in 24 hours.
What is oliguria?
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