Prefix
In the term polyuria, what does the prefix poly‑ mean?
Many (Excessive)
identify the root nephr/o and define its meaning.
Kidney
In nephrectomy, what does the suffix ‑ectomy mean?
‑ectomy means “surgical removal.”
Full Definition: A nephrectomy is the surgical removal of one (or part) of a kidney.
What structure carries urine from the kidney to the bladder?
The ureter.
Which disease involves the formation of hard deposits of minerals and salts in the kidney?
Nephrolithiasis (kidney stones)
In diuresis, what does the prefix di‑ signify?
di‑ means “through” (in context, increased output)
what does the root cyst/o refer to?
bladder or sac
In cystitis, what is the meaning of the suffix ‑itis?
‑itis means “inflammation.”
Full Definition: Cystitis is inflammation of the urinary bladder, often causing pain and increased frequency of urination.
Through which structure is urine expelled from the bladder to the outside of the body?
The urethra.
Which condition is defined by abnormally high levels of protein in the urine?
Proteinuria
In oliguria, what does the prefix oligo‑ indicate?
prefix oligo‑ means “few” (scant)
what does the root glomerul/o mean and what is it?
root glomerul/o means “glomerulus” (part of the kidney’s filtration unit)
In urography, what does the suffix ‑graphy indicate?
‑graphy means “the process of recording” or “imaging.”
Full Definition: Urography is an imaging procedure (often using contrast dye) to visualize the urinary tract, including kidneys, ureters, and bladder.
What is the basic filtering unit of the kidney?
Nephron
What disease involves the progressive loss of kidney function over months or years?
Chronic kidney disease (CKD)
In anuria, what meaning does the prefix an‑ convey?
prefix an‑ means “no” or “without”
what is the root ureter/o and what does it mean?
root ureter/o means “ureter”. Tube that connect the kidneys to the urinary bladder
In urostomy, what meaning does the suffix ‑ostomy convey?
‑ostomy means “creating an opening.”
Full Definition: A urostomy is a surgical procedure that creates an opening (stoma) in the abdominal wall to divert urine outside the body when the bladder is bypassed or removed.
What part of the kidney collects urine before it enters the ureter?
Renal pelvis
What condition is characterized by inflammation of the renal pelvis and kidney tissue?
Pyelonephritis
In dysuria, what does the prefix dys‑ mean?
prefix dys‑ means “painful,” “difficult,” or “abnormal”
what does the root ren/o signify?
root ren/o means “kidney”
In hematuria, what does the suffix ‑uria signify?
‑uria means “a condition of the urine.”
Full Definition: Hematuria is the presence of blood in the urine, which can indicate injury, infection, or disease of the urinary tract.
What is the external opening of the urethra called?
Urinary meatus
What genetic disorder causes multiple fluid‑filled cysts to form in the kidneys?
Polycystic kidney disease