Anatomy
Hormones
Blood Flow
Nephron
Acid Base Balance
Urine
Misc.
100
What is the functional unit of the kidney?

nephron

100

This hormone is released by the kidney in response to low blood pressure

renin

100

Which blood vessel supplies blood into the kidneys?

renal artery

100

What is the site of filtrate formation?

glomerulus

100

Which mechanism is the first to kick in during acid base balance?

chemical buffers or bicarbonate buffers

100

Is the specific gravity of urine higher or lower than water?

slightly higher
100

What is fluid located inside the cell?

intracellular

200

Blood filtration is captured where?

Bowman's capsule

200

This hormone causes sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion

aldosterone

200

This measures the quality of blood filtration by the kidneys.

glomerular filtration rate

200

This is the site that drains the distal convoluted tubule.

collecting duct

200

Which mechanism takes the longest to kick in during acid base balance?

kidney system

200

Name 3 functions of the urinary system.

filtration

reabsorption of water and electrolytes

excretion of waste

plays a role in blood pressure control

regulates pH

homeostasis; fluid & electrolyte balance

200

What is fluid located between the cells?

interstitial

300

Which part of the kidney funnels urine into the ureter?

renal pelvis

300

Where is aldosterone produced?

adrenal gland

300

Which blood vessel delivers blood directly to the glomerulus?

afferent arteriole 

300

Most of the secretion of unwanted substances occurs here?

proximal convoluted tubule

300

If a person's pH is 7.32, are they in acidosis or alkalosis?

acidosis

300

List 3 substances normally found in the urine.

urea, sodium, potassium, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, bicarb

300

What is fluid outside the cells?

extracellular

400

Cells in the proximal convoluted tubule contains lots of mitochondria. Why? What type of transport is taking place?

active transport

400

This hormone increases the permeability of water in the collecting tubule?

ADH

400

The chief force pushing filtrate through the filtration membrane

glomerular hydrostatic pressure
400

Blood supply that receives substances from tubular cells

peritubular capillaries

400

What is the most abundant electrolyte in the intracellular space?

potassium (K+)

400

List 3 substances not normally found in the urine.

protein, glucose, RBC

400

What is a unique characteristic of the ureters?

capable of peristalsis

500

In the ascending limb of the nephron loop, what is the purpose of the thicker segment?

Move ions (not water) out for reabsorption

500

Not necessarily a hormone, but this is released from the liver in response to low blood pressure

angiotensinogen

500

If the diameter of the afferent arteriole is dilated and the efferent arteriole is constricted, what will the pressure by within the glomerulus? What will the systemic blood pressure be?

high in glomerulus; low in systemic blood pressure

500

As fluid moves down the distal convoluted tube, does fluid become more or less concentrated?

more

500

What is regulated in the lungs to compensate for acid base imbalance?

CO2

500

T or F: The concentration of urine is lower when urine volume is reduced.

false

500

What ion is closely related to the body's water volume?

sodium

600

Which structure is primarily responsible for regulating water balance in the body?

hypothalamus

600

My function is to constrict arterioles and increase blood pressure

angiotensin II

600

This blood vessel carries filtered blood away from the nephron and toward the renal vein.

peritubular capillaries

600

This is located on the surface of the proximal convoluted tubule. What is it and what is it's purpose?

microvilli

increases surface area to allow for greater reabsorption

600

During hypernatremia, where does water move in relation to the cell?

water moves out of the cell

600

What are 2 effects of ADH on water content and urine concentration?

increased reabsorption of water

excretion of concentration of urine (dec production)

600

Mechanism of water reabsorption in the renal tubule

osmosis

700

What is the site that drains the distal convoluted tubule?

collecting duct

700

This hormone is responsible for the production of RBCs

erythropoietin

700
List 3 benefits of high pressure within the glomerulus.

increased urinary output

increased filtration (GFR)

increased net pressure

700

What is the purpose if the thin segment of the nephron loop's descending limb?

allows for passive movement of water out of the tubule

700

How do the kidneys help to regulate acid base balance?

reabsorb bicarb or excreting acid (hydrogen ions)

700

Name 3 things that can affect urine output.

Fluid volume

sodium concentration

hormones (ADH & aldosterone)

blood pressure


700

_____ dissociate into ions in water. ______ do not dissociate into ions in water. 

Electrolytes; non-electrolytes

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