nephron
This hormone is released by the kidney in response to low blood pressure
renin
Which blood vessel supplies blood into the kidneys?
renal artery
What is the site of filtrate formation?
glomerulus
Which mechanism is the first to kick in during acid base balance?
chemical buffers or bicarbonate buffers
Is the specific gravity of urine higher or lower than water?
What is fluid located inside the cell?
intracellular
Blood filtration is captured where?
Bowman's capsule
This hormone causes sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion
aldosterone
This measures the quality of blood filtration by the kidneys.
glomerular filtration rate
This is the site that drains the distal convoluted tubule.
collecting duct
Which mechanism takes the longest to kick in during acid base balance?
kidney system
Name 3 functions of the urinary system.
filtration
reabsorption of water and electrolytes
excretion of waste
plays a role in blood pressure control
regulates pH
homeostasis; fluid & electrolyte balance
What is fluid located between the cells?
interstitial
Which part of the kidney funnels urine into the ureter?
renal pelvis
Where is aldosterone produced?
adrenal gland
Which blood vessel delivers blood directly to the glomerulus?
afferent arteriole
Most of the secretion of unwanted substances occurs here?
proximal convoluted tubule
If a person's pH is 7.32, are they in acidosis or alkalosis?
acidosis
List 3 substances normally found in the urine.
urea, sodium, potassium, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, bicarb
What is fluid outside the cells?
extracellular
Cells in the proximal convoluted tubule contains lots of mitochondria. Why? What type of transport is taking place?
active transport
This hormone increases the permeability of water in the collecting tubule?
ADH
The chief force pushing filtrate through the filtration membrane
Blood supply that receives substances from tubular cells
peritubular capillaries
What is the most abundant electrolyte in the intracellular space?
potassium (K+)
List 3 substances not normally found in the urine.
protein, glucose, RBC
What is a unique characteristic of the ureters?
capable of peristalsis
In the ascending limb of the nephron loop, what is the purpose of the thicker segment?
Move ions (not water) out for reabsorption
Not necessarily a hormone, but this is released from the liver in response to low blood pressure
angiotensinogen
If the diameter of the afferent arteriole is dilated and the efferent arteriole is constricted, what will the pressure by within the glomerulus? What will the systemic blood pressure be?
high in glomerulus; low in systemic blood pressure
As fluid moves down the distal convoluted tube, does fluid become more or less concentrated?
more
What is regulated in the lungs to compensate for acid base imbalance?
CO2
T or F: The concentration of urine is lower when urine volume is reduced.
false
What ion is closely related to the body's water volume?
sodium
Which structure is primarily responsible for regulating water balance in the body?
hypothalamus
My function is to constrict arterioles and increase blood pressure
angiotensin II
This blood vessel carries filtered blood away from the nephron and toward the renal vein.
peritubular capillaries
This is located on the surface of the proximal convoluted tubule. What is it and what is it's purpose?
microvilli
increases surface area to allow for greater reabsorption
During hypernatremia, where does water move in relation to the cell?
water moves out of the cell
What are 2 effects of ADH on water content and urine concentration?
increased reabsorption of water
excretion of concentration of urine (dec production)
Mechanism of water reabsorption in the renal tubule
osmosis
What is the site that drains the distal convoluted tubule?
collecting duct
This hormone is responsible for the production of RBCs
erythropoietin
increased urinary output
increased filtration (GFR)
increased net pressure
What is the purpose if the thin segment of the nephron loop's descending limb?
allows for passive movement of water out of the tubule
How do the kidneys help to regulate acid base balance?
reabsorb bicarb or excreting acid (hydrogen ions)
Name 3 things that can affect urine output.
Fluid volume
sodium concentration
hormones (ADH & aldosterone)
blood pressure
_____ dissociate into ions in water. ______ do not dissociate into ions in water.
Electrolytes; non-electrolytes