Kidney Anatomy
The functional unit of the kidney is called ________.
the nephron
Presence of glucose in the urine.
glycosuria
What signal causes the heart to secrete atrial natriuretic hormone?
increased blood pressure
Diabetes insipidus or diabetes mellitus would most likely be indicated by ________.
polyuria
Protein-forming water channels regulated by ADH.
aquaporins
Cup-shaped structure that receives filtrate from the glomerulus.
Bowman’s capsule
Urine production in excess of 2.5 L/day.
polyuria
What hormone directly opposes the actions of natriuretic hormones?
aldosterone
Weight of a liquid compared to water; used to measure urine concentration.
specific gravity
Enzyme produced by leukocytes detected in urine; indicator of infection.
leukocyte esterase
Inner region of the kidney containing renal pyramids.
medulla
Absence of urine production (≤50 mL/day).
anuria
Which of these is a vasoconstrictor? nitric oxide, natriuretic hormone, bradykinin, or angiotensin II
angiotensin II
Loss of ability to control urination.
incontinence
Analysis of urine to diagnose disease.
urinalysis
Outer part of kidney containing nephrons.
renal cortex
Below-normal urine production (400–500 mL/day).
oliguria
Enzyme produced by juxtaglomerular cells in response to low blood pressure.
renin
Increased fluid retention in interstitial spaces of the body.
systemic edema
Heme-derived pigment that gives urine its yellow color.
urochrome
Recessed medial area of the kidney where vessels and nerves pass.
renal hilum
Protein produced by renin acting on angiotensinogen.
angiotensin I
Enzyme that converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II.
angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)
Smooth muscle at the bladder–urethra junction that relaxes as bladder fills.
internal urinary sphincter
Branches of efferent arterioles that parallel the loops of Henle.
vasa recta