Anatomy
Name the organs that make up the urinary system.
Kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra
What is the main function of the kidneys?
To filter blood and remove waste as urine
What is renal failure?
When the kidneys can no longer filter waste effectively
What is the main waste product found in urine?
Urea
What is the functional unit of the kidney?
The Nephron
What is the fluid called that is filtered from the blood in the glomerulus?
Filtrate
Name one common cause of renal failure.
Diabetes, hypertension, infection, or nephrotoxic drugs
Name one substance that should not normally be found in urine.
Protein, glucose, or blood
What structure collects urine from the kidney before it passes to the ureter?
Bladder/Renal Pelvis
Which hormone controls water reabsorption in the kidneys?
ADH (antidiuretic hormone)
What are two common symptoms of renal failure?
atigue, oedema (swelling), decreased urine output, confusion, nausea
What colour and clarity would healthy urine normally be? What test is commonly used to measure kidney function by detecting waste levels in blood?
Pale yellow, clear
What is the difference between the male and female urethra?
The female urethra is shorter than the male urethra.
What happens to the body if the kidneys stop regulating electrolytes properly?
Imbalance of sodium, potassium, and other ions
What treatment replaces kidney function by filtering the blood externally?
Dialysis
If glucose is found in urine, what condition might this suggest?
Diabetes