Functions
Kidney cells also convert this vitamin to its active form.
What is Vitamin D?
It is the basic unit of structure in the kidney.
What is a nephron?
In the absence of aldosterone, large amounts of Sodium remain in the nephron and become part of this.
What is urine?
Secreted by the posterior pituitary gland, this hormone regulates the amount of water reabsorbed by the distal tubules and collecting ducts.
It is the connective tissue that surrounds the kidneys
What is renal capsule?
It is the process in which solid particles in a liquid or gaseous fluid are removed by the use of a filter medium that permits the fluid to pass through but retains the solid particles
What is filtration?
These are two slender tubes each 25 to 30 cm (10 to 12 inches) long and 6 mm (1/4 inch) in diameter.
What are ureters?
It is located retroperitoneally in the pelvis just posterior to the symphysis pubis.
What is the urinary bladder?
It is an enzyme that acts on a protein produced by the liver called angiotensinogen.
What is renin?
it is a cup-shaped cavity at the base of the renal papilla, which drains urine from the renal papillae into the major calyx.
this hormone produced by the kidneys stimulates red blood cell production in the bone marrow.
What is erythropoietin?
The inner layer of the capsule is made up of highly modified this, octopus-like cells.
What are podocytes?
The presence of these muscles and the transitional epithelium both make the urinary bladder uniquely suited for its function of urine storage.
What are detrusor muscles?
Angiotensin II acts on the adrenal cortex, causing it to secrete this hormone.
What is aldosterone?
It is where the renal artery and nerves enter and where the renal vein and ureter exit the kidney.
What is the hilum?
This other organ, together with kidneys and lungs, also play a role in excretion.
What is skin?
It is the hairpin loop following the proximal convoluted tubule.
What is Loop of Henle?
The smooth triangular region of the bladder base outlined by these three openings is called this, where infections tend to persist.
What is a trigone?
Angiotensin I is rapidly converted to a smaller peptide called angiotensin II by this enzyme. angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE).
What is angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)?
Most nephrons are called this because they are located almost entirely within the cortex.
What is cortical (nephrons)?
It is a process by which metabolic waste is eliminated from an organism
What is excretion?
This is the part of the tubule that is near to the glomerular capsule.
What is the Proximal convoluted tubule?
It has three named regions: the prostatic, membranous, and spongy
What is the male urethra?
This hormone increases the rate of active transport of Na+ in the distal tubules and collecting ducts.
What is aldosterone?
It is the closed end of the renal tubule which is enlarged and cup-shaped and completely surrounds the glomerulus
What is the Bowman’s capsule?