Kidneys
Number of kidneys in a typical human
What is two?
I comfortably hold ~500 mL of urine & am between the kidneys & the outside world
What is the urinary bladder?
Name of artery that supplies kidney with blood & vein that drains kidney of blood
What is renal artery & renal vein?
I am where most reabsorption occurs in the kidneys
What is the proximal convoluted tubule?
Typical color of urine
What is yellow?
Two most basic functions of kidneys
What are filter blood & produce urine?
We carry urine from kidneys to urinary bladder
What are ureters?
Blood is under high pressure in these capillaries where filtrate is formed
What is the glomerulus?
I am the last structure in the kidney that can regulate water balance
What is the collecting duct?
Percentage of urine composed of water
What is 95%?
Kidney location with respect to peritoneum
What is retroperitoneal?
I go from urinary bladder to the outside world
What is the urethra?
I deliver blood directly to the glomerulus for filtration
What is the afferent arteriole?
I concentrate salt in the medulla & am known as the countercurrent multiplier
What is the nephron loop (loop of Henle)?
180 L of fluid processed by kidneys daily, but only this many L of urine are formed daily (on average)
What is 1.5 L?
Functional unit of kidney
What is a nephron?
I surround the glomerulus & collect filtrate
What is the glomerular (Bowman's) capsule?
My branches form the peritubular capillaries in the renal cortex
What is the efferent arteriole?
I secrete or reabsorb hydrogen ions to help regulate pH
What is the distal convoluted tubule?
What is urinalysis?
Hard mineral/salt deposits that can be painful in the urinary tract
What are kidney stones (renal calculi)?
I connect the proximal convoluted tubule & distal convoluted tubule
What is the nephron loop (loop of Henle)?
I provide nutrients to renal medulla without disrupting salt gradient & am known as the countercurrent exchanger
What is the vasa recta?
Our reabsorption is controlled by hormones
What are distal convoluted tubule & collecting duct?
Physiological term for discharge of urine from urinary bladder
What is micturition?