Anatomy
What is the main function of the peritubular capillaries?
What is reabsorption of water and nutrients from the renal medulla into the blood stream
Name 2 hormones secreted by the heart that cause renal excretion of water.
What is Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP)
What is the clinical term for inflammation of the bladder?
cystitis
Bonus: What is the clinical name for kidney stones?
when kidneys excrete Na+ it is also accompanied by excretion of _____________ (sodium's best friend).
What is water
Where does aldosterone exert its effect?
What is distal convoluted tubule
What is the functional unit of the kidney? What does it do?
Nephron makes urine. (Glomerular Filtration, Tubular Absorption and Tubular Secretion)
Descibe the trigone area of the bladder.
It is formed by left ureter, right ureter and urethra. It is where UTI persist.
What is the effect of aldosterone?
It causes sodium to be reabsorbed which causes water to be reabsorbed thereby increasing BP. Bonus!!How does it affect urinary output?
Explain how the kidneys regulate BP.
When the kidneys sense that the BP is too low the JGA (located near Bowman's capsule) releases enzyme renin. Renin converts angiotensinogen into Angiotensin I. Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) converts it to Angiotensin II which causes Aldosterone to be released by adrenal cortex.
Diagram a nephron including: the tubular structures; the vascular structures;
Bonus!! Indicate the following: where most of the reabsorption takes place, where aldosterone and ADH exert their effect; where the medulla and cortex are located.
Why will a person in renal failure often develop anemia?
There kidneys fail to produce erythropoietin.
If the systolic blood pressure falls below ___________ it is dangerous for the kidney.
What is SBP of 70.
What % of each glomerular filtrate is reabsorbed under normal conditions? sodium: water: glucose: urea: Creatinine
Sodium: >99% Water: >99% Glucose: 100% Urea: 50% Creatinine: 0%
ADH exerts its effect on which portion of the tubular structure within the kidney?
What is the collecting duct
A loop diuretic drug causes what to be excreted (3 substances)
What is sodium, water, potassium