Structures
Functions
Structure of Kidney
Disorders
Toss up 2
100
Two bean-shaped organs lateral to the vertebral column that filter the wastes out of the blood
kidneys
100
Waste is removed from the blood through what process that allows materials to move through membranes?
Diffusion
100
Functional unit of the kidney
What is the Nephron?
100
When the kidneys are no longer functioning to filter out waste, a patient may have to undergo this process multiple times in a week while waiting for a kidney transplant.
Dialysis
100
True or False: Urine normally has bacteria.
False: Urine is one of the body's sterile fluids.
200
Artery that supplies the kidneys with blood
renal artery
200
Hormone produced by the kidneys that signals the production of red blood cells.
Erythropoiten
200
First part of the nephron where capillaries come are all balled up together.
What is the Glomerulus?
200
Accumulation of minerals and acid salts that lodge in the kidney or ureters
Kidney stones or lithiasis
200
What percentage of urine is water?
95%
300
Hollow, muscular sac that stores urine until it is released.
bladder
300
Hormone (we learned about in the endocrine system) produced by the pituitary that increases the permeability of the collecting duct to water (decreasing urine output).
What is ADH?
Anti-diuretic hormone
300
The part of the nephron surrounding the capillaries all balled up together.
Bowman's Capsule
300
Explain benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and how it affects urinary output in males.
Enlargement of the prostate gland. Because it surrounds the beginning of the urethra, as it grows it can impede urination in males.
300
How many renal pyramids do most humans have (range)?
7-18
400
Tube that eliminates urine from the body
urethra
400
Name 2 substances reabsorbed during the urine formation process
water
ions
nutrients like glucose
400
Blood enters the Nephron through this vessel.
What is the AFFERENT ARTERIOLE?
400
What is cystitis and which population is it more common in (female or male)? Why?
Urinary tract infection
Female-shorter urethra
400
A state of equilibrium the body strives to be in
homeostasis
500
Two tubes leading from the kidneys to the bladder
ureters
500
Differentiate reabsorption vs. secretion in renal tubules
Reabsorption: Keeping materials that are useful for the body (recycling)
Secretion: getting rid of things that are not useful to the body (excretion of waste in urine)
500
The glomerulus & Bowman's Capsule are located in this part of the kidney
What is the Renal Pyramids which are in the renal cortex.
500
This pathology of the urinary system is high-risk to those who smoke.
Bladder cancer
500
This structure of the nephron is located in between the proximal and distal tubules and extends into the renal medulla.
Loop of Henle