Anatomy
This structure is the narrow tube that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder.
Ureter
Functional unit of the kidney.
Nephron
First step of urine formation.
Filtration
A hormone known as the “water-retaining hormone.”
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Excessive urination
Polyuria
The kidneys are located behind the peritoneum and are described as this.
Retroperitoneal
Blood filtration begins here.
Glomerulus
Movement of substances from tubules back to blood.
Reabsorption
This hormone promotes sodium retention.
Aldosterone
Reduced urine output
Oliguria
This outer layer of the kidney is often compared to tree bark.
Renal cortex
Most water and glucose are reabsorbed here.
Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)
Movement of substances from blood into filtrate.
Secretion
Hormone that increases urine output by promoting sodium loss.
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide Hormone (ANH)
Absence of urine.
Anuria
This smooth triangular area of the bladder lacks rugae.
Trigone
This loop creates an osmotic gradient to concentrate urine.
Loop of Henle
Normal GFR produces about this much filtrate per day.
180 liters/day
Enzyme released by the JG cells when blood volume is low.
Renin
Pain caused by a kidney stone
Renal colic
The external opening of the urethra is called this.
Urinary meatus
These nephrons are primarily responsible for concentrating urine.
Juxtamedullary nephrons
This membrane allows water and small solutes through but blocks blood cells.
Glomerular-capsular membrane
This system regulates blood pressure and fluid balance.
Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)
Involuntary urine loss with coughing or sneezing
Stress incontinence