Functions
What key function of the kidneys relates to the elimination of metabolic waste products?
Removal of nitrogenous waste
What surrounds the kidney, protecting it and anchoring it in place?
Fat capsule
A non-anatomy student would call this peeing.
Micturition
A non-anatomy student would call these kidney stones
Renal Calculi
What pH range is physiological acidosis?
7.01 - 7.35
What balances are the kidneys responsible for maintaining?
pH balance, fluid balance, electrolyte balance
What allows for the expansion of the bladder?
Transitional Epithelial tissue in the Mucosa and the bladder rising in the abdominal cavity
What is included in the renal corpuscle?
Glomerulus and Bowman's capsule
What is nocturia?
The need to empty the bladder multiple times throughout the night, interrupting sleep.
What part of the urinary tract is the final pass-through for urine before excretion?
The urethra
A group of similar cells with the same origin that work together to perform the same function.
what is tissue?
What is the purpose of calyces?
To collect urine from medullary pyramids
These substances can conduct a current when in solution
Electrolytes
What are the three symptoms of a urinary tract infection?
Urgency, frequency, dysuria
What is the importance of the peritubular capillaries?
reclaims necessary substances from filtrate as it drains through the renal tubule
What function of the kidneys involves the renin/angiotensin-2 mechanism?
Maintain pH balance
What is the name of the location where vessels and the ureters leave the kidney?
Renal Hilum
Receptors that detect solute changes in the body.
Osmoreceptors
What is low urine output called?
Oligula
What is the difference between the afferent arteriole and the efferent arteriole?
The efferent arteriole is smaller than the afferent, creating high pressure in the glomerulus
When blood pressure or solute levels are low, how do the kidneys maintain homeostasis?
Renin is released which stimulates the production of angiotensin-2 which causes vasoconstriction which causes increased peripheral resistance which causes increased blood pressure. Angiotensin-2 stimulates the release of aldosterone which increases solute reclamation which increases water reclamation which ultimately increases blood volume which increases blood pressure
How is urine backflow prevented in the ureters?
Folds of bladder mucosa form a one-way valve system
What is the juxtaglomerular apparatus?
modified cells that detect solute concentration and blood pressure
What is the common site of infection in the bladder?
Trigone area
Explain the process/steps of urine formation
Filtration, tubular reabsorption, tubular secretion