Filtration
What is the first major step in urine formation?
Glomerular filtration
What does tubular reabsorption mean?
The process of reabsorbing water, ions and nutrients into the bloodstream
What does tubular secretion mean?
The process of removing waste and ions from the body
What is the functional unit of the kidney?
Nephron
Where does urine go immediately after leaving the collecting ducts?
Renal pelvis
Where does glomerular filtration occur?
Glomerulus
In which direction do substances move during reabsorption?
Tubule → blood
In which direction do substances move during secretion?
(Name the 5 steps of urine secretion)
Blood -> Tubule -> Ureter -> Bladder -> Urethra
(aka out of the body)
What structure surrounds the glomerulus?
Bowman's capsule
What tube carries urine from the kidney to the bladder?
Ureter
What substances are able to pass through the filtration barrier?
Water + small solutes
Name three substances that are normally reabsorbed.
Water, glucose, amino acids
Name one substance that can be secreted into the renal tubule.
Ions & other waste
Name the correct order of the major sections of the nephron.
PCT → loop of Henle → DCT → collecting duct
Where is urine stored before it leaves the body?
Bladder
What is the fluid called after it has been filtered into Bowman's capsule?
Filtrate
Why is reabsorption important for maintaining homeostasis?
It regulates the blood pressure
How does tubular secretion help regulate blood pH?
Removes ions
What is the role of the loop of Henle?
Concentrates urine
What structure carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body?
Urethra
What is the role of the glomerulus in urine production?
Filters blood to remove unwanted waste
What would happen to the body if large amounts of water and glucose were not reabsorbed?
Excess loss of useful substances
Why is secretion important even after glomerular filtration has occurred?
To remove any residual waste from the body
How do the nephron and collecting duct work together to determine the final composition of urine?
Through Filtration, Reabsorption and Secretion
Put these structures in the correct order: urethra, renal pelvis, bladder, ureter.
Renal pelvis → ureter → bladder → urethra