BATTLES
The main significance of the Battle of Antietam was that Lee's failure to decisively win on Union soil prompted Lincoln to take which action?
A. Appoint Ulysses S. Grant as the Commanding General.
B. Announce the Emancipation Proclamation.
C. Order the March to the Sea in Georgia.
D. Suspend the writ of habeas corpus across the entire Union.
B. Announce the Emancipation Proclamation.
Which U.S. President completed Manifest Destiny and what territory completed Manifest Destiny?
A. Andrew Jackson; Oregon
B. Andrew Jackson; Texas
C. James K Polk; Oregon
D. James K Polk; Texas
C. James K Polk; Oregon
The term Sectionalism in the years leading to the Civil War referred to the growing differences between the North and South regarding:
A. Their foreign policy alliances with European nations.
B. Their shared belief in Manifest Destiny.
C. Their support for the expansion of the Judicial Branch.
D. Their economic systems, with the North industrial and the South agrarian.
D. Their economic systems, with the North industrial and the South agrarian.
How did the Compromise of 1850 deal with the issue of slavery in the Mexican Cession, specifically regarding California's statehood?
A. California entered as a slave state, and all other land was designated free territory.
B. The territory was returned to Mexico to avoid the slavery conflict altogether.
C. California was divided at the 36°30' line, with one part slave and one part free.
D. California entered as a free state, and popular sovereignty was used for New Mexico and Utah.
D. California entered as a free state, and popular sovereignty was used for New Mexico and Utah.
Which Enlightenment philosopher heavily influenced the DOI with his concept of Natural Rights (Life, Liberty, and Property)?
A. Baron de Montesquieu
B. John Locke
C. Thomas Paine
D. King George III
B. John Locke
Why was securing an alliance with France after the Battle of Saratoga considered crucial to the ultimate American victory?
A. France agreed to take over the leadership of the Continental Army.
B. France contributed troops, supplies, training, and, most importantly, their navy.
C. France immediately declared war on Spain, drawing away British resources.
D. France agreed to pay the American war debt in exchange for Western land.
B. France contributed troops, supplies, training, and, most importantly, their navy.
Synthesize the primary effects of the Alien and Sedition Acts and determine the most likely long-term impact on John Adams' political standing.
A. They increased his popularity by showing his strength in dealing with foreign nationals and treason.
B. They strengthened the Federalist party by effectively silencing Democratic-Republican critics.
C. They led directly to the Louisiana Purchase as a means to distract citizens from domestic policy failures.
D. They were heavily criticized as violating the 1st Amendment, significantly contributing to his loss in the Election of 1800.
D. They were heavily criticized as violating the 1st Amendment, significantly contributing to his loss in the Election of 1800.
The Scott v. Sanford decision directly increased sectionalism by ruling that:
A. Congress could prohibit slavery north of the 36°30' line.
B. Popular sovereignty was the constitutional way to decide the status of slavery in the territories.
C. Slaves were considered property (chattel) and had no right to sue in court.
D. The Fugitive Slave Law was unconstitutional because it violated states' rights.
C. Slaves were considered property (chattel) and had no right to sue in court.
The Great Compromise solved the debate over state representation in Congress by creating a bicameral legislature that:
A. Used only the New Jersey Plan (equal representation).
B. Used only the Virginia Plan (representation based on population).
C. Combined the New Jersey Plan (Senate) with the Virginia Plan (House of Representatives).
D. Ensured that all representation was based solely on the number of slaves.
C. Combined the New Jersey Plan (Senate) with the Virginia Plan (House of Representatives).
If a person was part of both the Temperance Movement and the Education Reform Movement, their actions would best be categorized as seeking to:
A. Increase the power of the federal government over states' laws.
B. Strengthen the economic power of northern industrialists over southern planters.
C. Improve American society by addressing social problems like alcoholism and a lack of public knowledge.
D. Expand American territory westward based on religious principle.
C. Improve American society by addressing social problems like alcoholism and a lack of public knowledge.
Why was the capture of Atlanta by Union forces so devastating to the Confederacy?
A. It was the location where Robert E. Lee formally surrendered.
B. It resulted in the death of General Stonewall Jackson.
C. It allowed the Union to secure permanent control over the border states.
D. Atlanta was the Confederacy's critical railroad hub and transportation center, and its destruction ended their ability to continue the war.
D. Atlanta was the Confederacy's critical railroad hub and transportation center, and its destruction ended their ability to continue the war.
Which of the following best synthesizes the primary causes of the War of 1812?
A. The desire for a third term for President Madison and the expansion of the US Navy.
B. British interference with US trade, impressment of sailors, and suspicion of arming Native Americans.
C. The need to enforce the Alien and Sedition Acts and the failure of the Louisiana Purchase.
D. Disagreement over the proper title for the President and the formation of the first cabinet.
B. British interference with US trade, impressment of sailors, and suspicion of arming Native Americans.
The Fugitive Slave Law, while intended to placate the South, ultimately increased sectional tension because:
A. It forced ordinary Northerners to become complicit in the slave system, turning some into abolitionists.
B. It was viewed by Northerners as a violation of States' Rights.
C. It encouraged the South to secede immediately after the Compromise of 1850.
D. It led to the outbreak of the Mexican-American War.
A. It forced ordinary Northerners to become complicit in the slave system, turning some into abolitionists.
The Proclamation of 1763 was intended by Britain to prevent Native American attacks, but it was viewed by colonists as an outrage because:
A. It imposed the Tea Act on all colonial ports.
B. It gave all the land west of the Mississippi to the French.
C. It blocked them from migrating to the lands (like the Ohio River Valley) they believed they had helped win in the war.
D. It forced them to quarter British soldiers in their homes.
C. It blocked them from migrating to the lands (like the Ohio River Valley) they believed they had helped win in the war.
Which statement best compares the political leadership of Abraham Lincoln and Jefferson Davis during the Civil War?
A. Davis was more successful in creating a powerful central government than Lincoln.
B. Lincoln failed to gain any foreign allies, while Davis successfully secured European aid.
C. Lincoln proved to be the more capable political leader, successfully preserving the Union, while Davis failed to gain much-needed European allies.
D. Davis was able to command more loyalty from his state governments, unlike Lincoln.
C. Lincoln proved to be the more capable political leader, successfully preserving the Union, while Davis failed to gain much-needed European allies.
In what ways did the Union’s victory at Vicksburg alter the course of the war?
A) It allowed the Confederacy to cut off Union supplies and reinforcements.
B) It split the Confederacy, giving the Union control of the Mississippi River and weakening the South’s strategic position.
C) It provided the Union with an advantageous position to invade the Confederate capital, Richmond.
D) It ensured European support for the Union cause
B) It split the Confederacy, giving the Union control of the Mississippi River and weakening the South’s strategic position.
Which of the following actions by Abraham Lincoln best illustrates his belief that preserving the Union justified extraordinary and controversial executive power?
A. Writing the Gettysburg Address after the Union victory.
B. The suspension of the writ of habeas corpus to arrest Confederate sympathizers without judicial review.
C. Granting Robert E. Lee favorable surrender terms at Appomattox.
D. Focusing on the 'evils of slavery' in his Second Inaugural Address.
B. The suspension of the writ of habeas corpus to arrest Confederate sympathizers without judicial review.
Why did the immediate secession of Southern states occur after the Election of 1860?
A. Southern states felt they had lost all representation in the federal government because none of them voted for Lincoln.
B. Lincoln promised to immediately free all slaves in the South after his inauguration.
C. Lincoln threatened to enforce the Fugitive Slave Law in all Northern territories.
D. The Scott v. Sanford ruling was immediately overturned by the new President.
A. Southern states felt they had lost all representation in the federal government because none of them voted for Lincoln.
Evaluate the significance of the Northwest Ordinance. By prohibiting slavery and setting up a clear procedure for statehood, it demonstrated that:
A. The AOC government could effectively manage territorial expansion and establish rules for the future Union.The AOC was too powerful and needed to be replaced immediately.
B. The AOC was too powerful and needed to be replaced immediately.
C. Southern states had lost all power in Congress.
D. The Great Compromise had already been successfully implemented.
A. The AOC government could effectively manage territorial expansion and establish rules for the future Union.The AOC was too powerful and needed to be replaced immediately.
Analyze the impact of Shays’ Rebellion. This event convinced leaders like George Washington that the most immediate and critical change needed was:
A. The addition of the Bill of Rights to protect farmers' land.
B. The creation of a stronger central government with the power to suppress domestic revolts and maintain order.
C. The immediate abolition of slavery in all existing states.
D. The adoption of the New Jersey Plan for representation.
B. The creation of a stronger central government with the power to suppress domestic revolts and maintain order.
What was the geographic significance of the Battle of Trenton?
A. The French navy secured the river while Continental and French troops surrounded Charles Cornwallis.
B. Continental troops used the high ground of Bermis Heights to secure a major victory which resulted in the turning point of the American Revolution.
C. It was the bloodiest single day battle resulting in a draw and the Emancipation Proclamation being implemented.
D. Washington crossed a frozen Delaware River for a sneak attack on Christmas Night.
D. Washington crossed a frozen Delaware River for a sneak attack on Christmas Night.
Which of the following best represents the final failure of the Executive Branch (Lincoln/Johnson) to implement their vision for a swift, lenient Reconstruction?
A. The passage of the 13th Amendment.
B. The creation of the Freedmen's Bureau.
C. The use of the Ku Klux Klan to resist the 15th Amendment.
D. The Republican-led Congressional effort to impeach Johnson and impose their own Congressional Reconstruction plan.
D. The Republican-led Congressional effort to impeach Johnson and impose their own Congressional Reconstruction plan.
Synthesize the issues: The Civil War became "inevitable" when which two factors reached a point where political compromise was no longer effective?
A. The industrial growth of the North and the abolition of the tariff.
B. The growth of Sectionalism and the failure to maintain the balance of free and slave states.
C. The Annexation of Oregon and the Dred Scott decision.
D. The rise of the Temperance Movement and the end of Manifest Destiny.
B. The growth of Sectionalism and the failure to maintain the balance of free and slave states.
The Declaration of Independence is considered a watershed document because it synthesized Enlightenment ideas (like Natural Rights and Social Contract) to establish a justification for:
A. Remaining loyal to the King.
B. A complete break from the existing monarchical government and the formation of a new democracy.
C. The creation of a strong federal army and navy.
D. The immediate abolition of slavery across the colonies.
B. A complete break from the existing monarchical government and the formation of a new democracy.
Which piece of evidence best supports the idea that the social reforms of the Age of Jackson were not universally successful?
A. The Nullification Crisis was solved through negotiation and a reduction of the tariff.
B. The Erie Canal successfully lowered the cost and time of moving cargo.
C. Nat Turner's Rebellion resulted in slave owners passing more restrictive slave codes/laws.
D. The National Bank was eventually reestablished by Henry Clay.
C. Nat Turner's Rebellion resulted in slave owners passing more restrictive slave codes/laws.