Amendments
What amendment ended enslavement?
13th
Which branch of government interprets laws?
Judicial
In what year was Ohio’s first state constitution adopted?
1802
What is federalism?
A system dividing power between national and state governments
What are the two major political parties in the U.S.?
Democratic Party and Republican Party.
What amendment grants a fair and speedy trial along wth the right to an attorney?
6th
What is the main lawmaking body of the federal government and how is it structured?
Congress; bicameral: House of Representatives and Senate.
Name one major difference in how the executive branch was selected in the 1802 Constitution versus the 1851 Constitution.
1802- Only governor was popularly elected/others apppinted by legislature; 1851- all major executive officials elected by popular vote
Name one power reserved to the states under the Tenth Amendment.
Reserved powers: examples—run public schools, issue licenses, conduct elections- others
Define “suffrage” and identify the constitutional amendment that granted women the right to vote.
Suffrage = right to vote; 19th Amendment (1920).
What amendment prohibits unreasonable search and seizure?
4th
Define judicial review and name the Supreme Court case that established it.
Judicial review = courts can declare laws unconstitutional; Marbury v. Madison (1803).
How did the 1851 constitution reduce the burden on the Ohio Supreme Court?
Created intermediate appellate/district courts
What amendment helps establish the concept of federalism in our Constitution?
10th
Explain how the Electoral College works in selecting the president, including how electoral votes are allocated to states.
Each state gets electors equal to its total congressional delegation (House + Senate). Most states use winner-take-all; candidate who gets majority of electoral votes (270) wins presidency.
What amendment granted African Americans the right to vote?
15th
Explain checks and balances: give one example of how the executive checks the legislative branch and one example of how Congress checks the judiciary.
Exec → veto legislation; Congress → Senate confirms judicial appointments, can impeach judges.
Describe how the 1851 constitution placed restrictions on the legislature compared to the 1802 constitution.
debt limits; no retroactive laws; laws had to be uniform throughout the stae
What clause in the Constitution established the U.S. laws and Constitution take precedence over state laws?
Supremacy Clause
What is the name of the policy in which Congress can control spending and taxes to regulate the economy?
Fiscal Policy
What amendment ended the poll tax?
24th
Fill in the blank: "The Congress shall have Power... To make all Laws which shall be ------- and -------- for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers..."
Necessary and Proper
The current Ohio Constitution includes the power of citizen initiative and referendum. Explain either of these.
Initiative- citizens can place issues on the ballot for a statewide vote
Referendum- citizens can overturn laws passed by the General Assembly
What is the name for powers exclusively given to the federal government?
Enumerated or delegated
What three actions could the Federal Reserve take to increase demand during a sluggish economy?
Lower discount rate; lower reserve requirement; buy bonds