Vocabulary
A religion founded by Muhammad
What is Islam?
The most important economic unit during the Middle Ages that focused on self-sufficiency
What is the manor?
The first European to travel the entire length of Asia and whose book stimulated interest in the cities and goods of the Far East
Who is Marco Polo?
These individuals replace nobles as the most important people during the Renaissance
Who are kings?
Commercial centers grew wealthy because of this activity
What is trade?
Distance north and south of the equator measured in degrees
What is latitude?
Religious wars fought from 1096 A.D. to the 1200s between the Christians and Muslims for control of the Holy Land
What are the Crusades?
He invented the printing press in 1440 A.D.
Who is John Gutenberg?
Kings in these two countries made their kingdoms very strong and replaced nobles in their importance
What are Spain, France, and England?
Protestant church found in Germany, the Netherlands, and Scandinavia
What is the Lutheran Church
The period of time between 500 and 1450 A.D.
What are the Middle Ages?
These events led to an interest in travel and trade which, in turn, led to the growth of cities in Europe
What are the Crusades?
Two instruments for sailing that were invented during the Renaissance
What are the compass, the astrolabe, and improved maps?
These settlements were important in providing raw materials and foodstuffs for the mother country in exchange for manufactured goods
What are colonies?
Islam began on this peninsula in the Middle East
What is the Arabian Peninsula?
The great revival of art and learning in Europe during the 1300s, 1400s, and 1500s.
What is the Renaissnace?
Peasants who lived on the manor and could not leave
Who are serfs?
Before the Renaissance, learning was reserved for this group
Who are the clergy?
The event that caused the breakup of the Catholic Church and influenced exploration and colonization of the New World
What is the Protestant Reformation?
A series of widespread reforms of the Catholic Church in the middle of the 16th century primarily under the Jesuits, founded by Ignatius Loyola
What is the Counter-Reformation?
Economic system in Europe in the 1500s and 1600s that favored a balance of exports over imports and national wealth being measured by the amount of gold and silver possessed.
What is mercantilism?
Property owners and businessmen who are important in the growth of cities and trade
Who are the bourgeoisie?
The amount of money or property that a company or a person uses in carrying on a business
What is capital?
He challenged the Catholic Church in 1517 when he nailed his Ninety-five Theses to the church door in Germany
Who is Martin Luther?
His criticisms of the Catholic Church in Switzerland spread to France and Scotland
Who is John Calvin?