Revolution & Independence
What 1773 protest involved colonists dumping British tea into Boston Harbor?
The Boston Tea Party
What was the first national government framework, ratified in 1781, that proved too weak?
The Articles of Confederation.
What 1803 purchase doubled the size of the United States?
The Louisiana Purchase.
What was the first state to secede from the Union following the election of Abraham Lincoln?
South Carolina
What Amendment to the Constitution ending slavery in the United States?
The 13th Amendment
What 1776 document announced the colonies’ separation from Great Britain?
The Declaration of Independence.
What 1786–1787 uprising highlighted weaknesses of the Articles and pushed calls for reform?
Shays’ Rebellion
What 1823 policy warned European powers against further colonization in the Americas?
The Monroe Doctrine.
What 1863 executive order declared enslaved people free in Confederate-held territory?
The Emancipation Proclamation.
What post–Civil War laws in the South restricted the rights of African Americans and tried to control their labor?
Black Codes.
What pamphlet argued against English monarchy and in favor of American independence?
Thomas Paine's Common Sense
What compromise created a bicameral legislature with representation by population in one house and equal in the other?
The Great (Connecticut) Compromise.
What 1820 agreement admitted Missouri as slave and Maine as free, maintaining Senate balance and setting the 36°30′ line?
The Missouri Compromise.
What advantage did the North have over the South?
More soldiers, more industry, more leaders, better infrastructure
What federal agency (1865) provided aid and education to formerly enslaved people and poor Southerners?
The Freedmen's Bureau
What General led American troops during the Revolution?
George Washington
What did George Washington warn the new nation against in his Farewell Address?
He warned against political parties (factions) and getting involved in other countries' affairs (staying neutral)
What 1832–1833 crisis involved South Carolina’s attempt to nullify a federal tariff?
The Nullification Crisis.
What 1863 battle is often considered the turning point of the war in the East?
The Battle of Gettysburg.
What political party wanted to punish the South for the Civil War?
The Radical Republicans
What country joined America's fight against the British following the Battle of Saratoga?
The French
What set of essays by Hamilton, Madison, and Jay argued for ratifying the Constitution?
The Federalist Papers.
What 1850 act required citizens to assist in capturing escaped enslaved people and punished those who helped them?
The Fugitive Slave Act (1850).
What 1864 campaign/strategy involved destroying Southern infrastructure to break Confederate will?
Sherman’s March to the Sea (total war strategy).
How did the Compromise of 1877 lead to the end of Reconstruction?
The North agreed to pull troops out of the South in exchange for the Republican candidate, Rutherford Hayes, becoming President.