Ch 4 & 5
Who portrayed the Boston Massacre where the American victims were innocent protestors, and the British as villainous butchers?
Paul Revere
Why did John Adams, an ardent patriot for the American cause, defend the British soldiers in court for their actions during the Boston Massacre?
He believed that everyone deserves a fair trial, no matter their crimes
This group of people did not agree with ratifying the Constitution
Anti-federalists
What are the 2 ways to interpret the Constitution?
Strict constructionists: favor a stricter/literal view
Loose constructionists: favor a less stricter/literal view
Our national anthem, "The Star Spangled Banner" was written by an American lawyer witnessing the British bombartment of Fort McHenry in Maryland. What is the authors name?
Francis Scott Key
Some missionaries believed that before the natives could be converted to Christianity, they first had to be _____________
Civilized
Because of who's victories in the wilderness north of the Ohio River, the US was able to claim all of what would later become the Northwest Territories while negotiating the end of the War for Independence
George Rogers Clark
The president and vice-president are indirectly elected through what?
Electoral College
What law signed by John Adams violated the 1st Amendment of the Constitution?
1st Amendment
During the Era of Good Feelings, what was America's foreign policy regarding Europe and the Western Hemisphere?
The Monroe Doctrine: The US would stay out of European Affairs as long as they leave the Western Hemisphere alone (except for already established colonies). This cements American domination in the West
John Elliot printed the first Bible in the US, however it was not in English, but in
Algonquin (he created their written language as well to convert that tribe)
The Olive Branch Petition (1775) was passed in the Second Continental Congress and was sent to the King. What two things did the petition say?
1) The colonists were still loyal to the King, 2) asked the government to stop abusing its powers to violate their British rights
What constitutional principles divides governmental powers between the national and state governments?
Federalism
Alexander Hamilton's was a loose constructionalist, he used what clause of the Constitution to justify the creation of the National Bank
Necessary and Proper (Elastic) Clause - Article 1, Section 8, clause 18
Marbury v. Madison (1803) is the single most important Supreme Court decision because it established what? Explain what it is also.
judicial review: The power the court gave itself to strike down laws deemed unconstitutional
What is the biggest advantage to a guerrilla fighters have?
They choose where the battle will take place
The Declaration of Independence (1776) was the document that declared our independence from Great Britain. What other two things the the document say?
1) proclaimed the rights of the people, 2) listed the colonist's grievances against the British government
(this list of grievances provided justification for separation)
During the Constitutional Convention, the delegates had to negotiate representation in the legislature between the big and small states. This led to the Great Compromise, which did what?
Created a bicameral legislature with the lower house (H.O.R.) based on population, and the upper house (Senate) based on equal representation
What three pieces of advice did President Washington give to American citizens during his Farewell Address?
1) Have commercial ties w/ Europe, 2) but avoid political (military) alliances w/ European powers, 3) the dangers of political parties.
Purchasing the Louisiana Territory for $15M was a once in a lifetime deal that would double the size of the United States. President Jefferson knew this was an offer he couldn't refuse, so why did he wrestle with himself with making this decision?
He was a strict constructionist and the Constitution did not give the government specific authority to purchase foreign land.
The passing of what Act in 1765 led colonists to believe they were being oppressed by an unlawful military occupation to enforce an illegal stamp tax on papers?
Quartering Act
The Declaration of American Rights passed in the First Continental Congress (1774) professed what three things to the king?
1) The colonists were still loyal to the king, 2) they have a rights to self-government, 3) they have the rights to raise militias to protect themselves
What is popular sovereignty?
The ultimate source of governmental power comes from the people.
John Adams (F) created a scandal while staying up to midnight appointing federalist judges around the country just before Thomas Jefferson (D-R) was inaugurated as president. Why did John Adams do this?
It would provide a lasting federalist impact on the government due to the "lifetime" terms judges serve, even during a D-R presidency
What were the results of the Supreme Court case McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)?
States do not have the authority to interfere with Congress' ability to enact legislation that is necessary and proper.