Unit 1
What was the Industrial Revolution, and how did it change production in the U.S.?
It was a shift from hand-made goods to machine production, leading to factories, urban growth, and mass production.
What does “progressive” mean in this historical context?
Seeking reform to fix problems caused by industrialization and corruption. (righting wrongs)
What is imperialism?
When a stronger nation controls weaker nations economically, politically, or militarily.
What is the Business Cycle?
The regular pattern of economic growth and decline—boom, peak, recession, recovery.
How did the Treaty of Versailles contribute to WWII?
It punished Germany harshly, creating resentment and economic hardship.
What’s the difference between a primary and a secondary source?
Primary = original document or object; Secondary = interpretation or analysis of a primary source.
Name 3 things that muckrackers exposed
Meat industry
lynching
Tenemant Housing
Political corruption (boss tweed)
What caused the Spanish-American War?
Explosion of the USS Maine, Yellow Journalism, and Cuban independence movement.
What were the causes of the Dust Bowl?
Drought, over-farming, and soil erosion.
What are the main traits of fascism?
Dictatorship, nationalism, militarism, and suppression of opposition.
Who were the “Robber Barons” and what industries did they control?
Carnegie (steel), Rockefeller (oil), Ford (automobiles).
What were the four pillars of the Progressive Movement?
Social reform, political reform, economic reform, and moral reform.
What event started WWI in 1914?
The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand.
What was Hoover’s philosophy for solving the Depression?
“Rugged Individualism” — people should solve problems without government help.
How did the attack on Pearl Harbor affect the U.S.?
It led the U.S. to officially enter WWII.
What were working conditions like for factory workers?
Long hours, low pay, unsafe environments, child labor, few rights.
What were the main strategies of women’s suffrage groups?
Protests, hunger strikes, lobbying, and public marches.
Who were the Allied and Central Powers?
Allies: Britain, France, Russia, U.S.
Central: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire.
What was the Bonus Army?
WWI veterans demanding early payment; Hoover sent the army to remove them.
What were internment camps?
Camps where Japanese Americans were forcibly relocated during WWII.
What is collective bargaining and why is it important?
It’s negotiation between workers and employers; it improved wages and conditions through unions.
What did Plessy v. Ferguson decide?
Separate but equal
Why did the U.S. enter WWI?
Sinking of Lusitania, Zimmerman Telegram, and protecting democracy.
What did the Social Security Act do?
Created pensions for the elderly, unemployed, and disabled.
Why did President Truman drop the atomic bombs?
To force Japan’s surrender and save American lives