Reconstruction Era
This federal agency helped formerly enslaved people by providing food, education, and legal help after the Civil War.
What is the Freedmen’s Bureau?
This amendment abolished slavery in the United States.
What is the 13th Amendment?
These laws enforced racial segregation in the South for decades after Reconstruction.
What are Jim Crow laws?
This 1890 law aimed to break up monopolies and restore competition.
What is the Sherman Antitrust Act?
Immigrants from Northern and Western Europe are called this compared to newer arrivals from Southern and Eastern Europe.
Who are old immigrants?
This president’s Reconstruction plan gave amnesty to many former Confederates and required only a small oath of loyalty.
Who was Andrew Johnson?
This amendment granted citizenship to all persons born in the U.S. and guaranteed equal protection.
What is the 14th Amendment?
This 1896 Supreme Court case upheld “separate but equal” segregation laws.
What is Plessy v. Ferguson?
This economic crisis in 1873 triggered a long depression and widespread unemployment.
What is the Panic of 1873?
This term describes efforts to force immigrants to adopt American culture and values.
What is Americanization?
This group in Congress wanted to punish the South and protect the rights of freedmen.
Who were the Radical Republicans?
This amendment gave African American men the right to vote.
What is the 15th Amendment?
Powerful business leaders, like Rockefeller and Carnegie, were criticized for their ruthless tactics and given this nickname
Who are Robber Barons?
These crowded, unsanitary apartment buildings housed many poor urban workers.
What is tenement housing?
These groups organized strikes and demanded better pay and working conditions.
What are labor unions?
These laws passed in Southern states after the Civil War severely limited the rights of African Americans.
What were Black Codes?
These 1873 court cases limited the federal government's ability to protect African Americans’ rights under the 14th Amendment (stating the federal government could not protect against individuals, groups, or local officials)
What are the Slaughterhouse Cases?
These large business combinations eliminated competition and controlled entire industries through a common board.
What are trusts or monopolies?
Immigrants from Europe were processed here upon arriving in New York City.
What is Ellis Island?
Workers in these isolated towns were often paid in company scrip instead of money.
What are company towns?
These laws criminalized homelessness and joblessness for African Americans and forced them into labor after the Civil War.
What were vagrancy laws?
This deal ended Reconstruction in 1877 by removing federal troops from the South in exchange for giving Rutherford B. Hayes the presidency.
What is the Compromise of 1877?
This economic theory said government should not interfere with business.
What is laissez-faire capitalism?
Immigrants from Asia were processed at this California immigration station.
What is Angel Island?
These investigative journalists exposed problems in industries and society.
Who are muckrakers?