Chapter 1
Order of events by when they happened
Timeline/Chronology
Invented in the 1100s it showed what direction was North
Compass
The first permanent English settlement in the New World
Jamestown
A plan that outlined the jobs and powers of the colony's government (later that of the United States)
Constitution
To cancel a law ex. The Stamp Act
Repeal
The American colonist who supported English Rule
Loyalists
A flat drawing of all or part of the Earth's surface
Map
To sail around the world
Circumnavigate
Investors bought shares or part ownership in this venture
Joint-stock company
Crops that are to be sold for profit only
Cash Crops
Refusing to buy
Boycott
When money is printed greater than the supply of gold and silver backing the currency.
Inflation
The height of an area above sea level
Elevation
A narrow sea passage
Strait
Mistreatment or punishment inflected on someone or a group of people because of personal beliefs
Persecution
Rules governing the behavior and punishment of enslaved people
Slave Codes
The American name for the Coercive Acts
The Intolerable Acts
Soldiers for hire
Mercenaries
Community of living beings and the surroundings in which they live
Ecosystem
Exchange of people, plants, animals and germs across the Atlantic Ocean
Columbian Exchange
The second permanent English colony and first to practice representative democracy
Plymouth
Producing just enough food to live off of
Subsistence farming
Americans who supported the war against England
Patriots
Bands of American soldiers appeared suddenly, fired their weapons and disappear would be an example of this tactic of warfare
Hit-and-Run Tactics
Tax on imports
Tariff
Large farms that have many workers
Plantations
A document that granted the right to form a colony
Charter
People elect delegates to make laws and conduct government
Representative Government
Book published by Thomas Paine that argued for America to take up arms for Independence
Common Sense
To officially approve
Ratify
Buyers and sellers freely choose to buy or make whatever they want
Market Economy
Spanish explorers to the New World are called this
Conquistadors
Land grant of up to 50 acres to settlers who paid their own way to the colonies.
Headright
Wealth is acquired by exporting more than a nation imports
Mercantilism
Introduction to the Declaration of Independence is called
The Preamble
Battle where the Continental Army first won a pitched battle against the British turning the war in favor of the Americans
Battle of Saratoga
The government must treat all people by procedures established by law or the Constitution
Due Process
Group of Christians that rejected the Pope
Protestants
People who refused to use force or fight in wars
Pacifists
The three sides of an Atlantic trade route that transported slaves to the New World and sold goods to Europe
Triangular Trade
Battle in which the shot heard around the world was fired that sparked the Revolutionary War
Lexington
To block off all supply and escape routes of your enemy
Siege
Power is split between a central, national government and state and local governments.
Federal System
The long hoped for, yet never discovered direct water route through the Americas to Asia
Northwest Passage
Document giving freedom to the Plymouth colony to govern itself separately from Jamestown and England.
The Mayflower Compact
Democratic ideas, practices, and values that form a truly free society
Civic Virtue
Militias that boasted they would be ready to fight in a minute's notice
Minutemen
French General who helped the American Colonialists
Marquis de Lafayette