Ch. 1
This natural “bridge” connected Asia to Alaska during the Ice Age. 🧊
Bering Land Bridge
This Native group built cliff dwellings in the “Four Corners” region and irrigated land to grow crops.
Anasazis
These ships, designed by the Portuguese, were small, fast, and good for ocean travel.
Caravels
This Italian sailor convinced Spain to let him sail west to reach Asia.
Christopher Columbus
This explorer landed in Florida in 1513 while searching for the Fountain of Youth.
Juan Ponce de Leon
This early Mesoamerican civilization (1200 BC–400 BC) built stone pyramids, then mysteriously disappeared. 🗿
Olmecs
This alliance of 5 tribes in New York was formed in the 1500s to keep peace.
Iroquois League
This Portuguese prince started a school for navigation and helped explorers sail Africa’s coast.
Prince Henry the Navigator
One negative impact of Columbus’s voyages was that he enslaved natives and spread __________.
disease 🦠
These three types of Spanish settlements included pueblos, missions, and these forts.
Presidios
This Central American civilization built the floating city of Tenochtitlan and practiced human sacrifice. 🌃
Aztecs
This Arizona group (around 300 AD) was known for irrigation channels and pottery. 🏺
Hohokam
These ocean currents made sailing easier: one clockwise between Europe & Caribbean, one counterclockwise near Africa.
North & South Atlantic Currents 🌊
Columbus believed he reached Asia, but he actually landed in this “New World” region.
the Caribbean
These giant farms raised cash crops like sugar, tobacco, and cotton.
Plantations
This South American empire built Machu Picchu and spoke Quechua.
Incans
These cultures built giant earthen mounds in central U.S., including Cahokia.
Moundbuilders
These wars (11th–13th centuries) exposed Europeans to Middle Eastern and Asian goods.
Crusades
This was the first island Columbus landed on in the Bahamas.
San Salvador
This was the name for the Spanish royal road that connected Mexico City to Santa Fe.
El Camino Real 🛣️
These people came after the Olmecs, had a theocracy, and created a 365-day calendar. 🗓️
Mayans
This was the largest Native American city near modern St. Louis, famous for Monks Mound.
Cahokia
In the 1400s, Europeans paid high prices for these luxury goods, including _____ to make clothing.
silk
These were the names of Columbus’s three ships.
Niña, Pinta, Santa Maria
This system let Spanish settlers demand taxes or labor from Native Americans on their land.
Encomiendas