Ch.5-1
The Adams-Onis Treaty of 1819 made Spain give __________ to the U.S.
Florida
Explain interchangeable parts
Uniform pieces that can be made in large quantities to replace other identical pieces
Which two European countries had the most immigrants that moved to the U.S. in the 1800s?
Irish - 2 million
German - 1 million
What is nativisim?
hostility toward foreigners
How did William Lloyd Garrison expedite the abolitionist movement?
He published antislavery newspaper, the Liberator
What were the infrastructures built in the 1800s that improved the transportation in the U.S.?
roads, canals, railroads
Explain the social hierarchy in the Southern states of the U.S.
Planters, small farmers (yeoman farmers), poor farmers, slaves
How did John Tyler become president?
He was the vice president who became the next president after the death of former president Henry Harrison.
How did election become more democratic under president Jackson?
Many states lowered or eliminated property ownership as a voting qualification. This led the number of eligible voters increase greatly.
What is Romanticism?
It is a movement that advocated the supremacy of feeling, spirituality, the individual, and nature
Why did people from rural regions move to cities?
They headed to cities seeking for jobs at factories because there were more job opportunities and higher wage.
Southern states did not industrialize quickly because:
Most Southerners were satisfied with their industry, which depended on agriculture
Explain Trail of Tears
It was a pathway that the Native Americans had to pass through to reach Oklahoma. Over 4,000 Native Americans died due to this relocation.
What caused the Panic of 1837?
The removal of federal deposit from the Second Bank later caused a big financial crisis that made many people to lose jobs and land.
Inexpensive newspapers that provided reports of gossips, crimes, marriages, etc.
What is a labor union? What did people from labor union do?
An organization of workers formed for the purpose of advancing its members’ interests; often projected their voices by going on a strike
What was the main reason to the increasing demand for slave?
Successful cotton industry in the southern states made more plantation owners become dependent on African American slaves.
Name three new religious groups that emerged during the Second Great Awakening. Why did they emerge?
Unitarians, Universalists, Mormons; many Americans chose to find spiritual answers from new religious ideas instead of traditional Protestant beliefs
What caused the Nullification Crisis? How was it settled?
•Tariff of 1828 of Abominations increased the duty up to 38% on many imports
•South Carolinians were greatly dependent on the imports from Britain
•South Carolina threatened to secede – to leave – from the U.S.
The Congress passed a final bill that the South Carolinians would accept to remain as a state in the U.S.
How did the Southerners defend the idea of slavery?
They said slavery was a "national benefit". Some said that slaves did not wish for freedom due to their close relationship with slaveholders
What were some of the restrictions to the African American slaves' legal rights?
to own properties; to bring a lawsuit or sign a contract; leve w/o permission; possess firearms; learn to read and write
It is a long-term policy that prevented European powers from interfering in Latin America; it helped Americans avoid entanglements in European power struggles
Explain the approaches of antislavery societies: Gradualism, Colonization, and Abolitionism
Gradualism: slavery to be ended gradually; compensation for the slaveowners for freeing the slaves
Colonization: sending African Americans back to their homelands in Africa; they were not actually sent back to the homeland
Abolitionism: emancipating African American slaves immediately without compensations to the owners
Please explain three reasons some Northerners disapproved abolitionism.
They feared:
1. war between the North and the South
2. influx of freed African Americans to the North, overwhelming the labor and housing markets
3. severe damage to the southern economy, which was related to economy and businesses in northern states