Row 1
What were the names given to sacred sites used for religious ceremonies?
Kivas
People learned to agriculture and settled in villages around when?
After 5000 BC
Who was a philosopher and teacher who wrote a book called The Republic?
Plato
Who lived in modern-day northern Alaska and Canada?
The Inuit
What is the name of an economic system that unifies and increases a nation's strength and wealth?
Mercantilism
Where is the Bering Land Bridge located?
Northeastern Asia and present-day Alaska
Which people followed animal herds south into Canada, the United States, and Mexico?
Paleo-Indians
What is the term for clear and orderly thinking?
Reason
What was the former name of the territory currently known as France?
Gaul
When did the Maya civilization begin to collapse?
In the 900s
Who had declined by the time European explorers reached the Southeast, with their cultures extinct by the early 1700s?
The moundbuilding cultures
When did Mansa Musa conquer a rival kingdom of people known as the Songhai?
1300s
Who was a renowned teacher in Ancient Greece who encouraged people to reflect and challenge their own beliefs?
Socrates
Whose home was in western and southern Alaska, and they lived in partially underground multifamily houses?
The Aleut
TheWho resided in the Four Corners region, which now includes Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah.
Anasazi
The Earth's climate warmed, and the Ice Age ended around what time?
About 8000 BC
Where was the location of the Inca's origin?
Andes Mountains of South America
Who constructed hundreds of mounds for religious ceremonies?
The Mississippian
What is the Mali kingdom's term for a pilgrimage to Mecca?
Hajj
What were warriors who battled on horseback called?
Knights
Which region encompasses the current states of Arizona and New Mexico, as well as parts of Colorado and Texas?
The Southwest culture region
During Mansa Mali's reign, Mali created several prominent trade cities. What were their names?
Timbuktu, Djenné, and Gao
Cayuga, Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, and Seneca formed the _____________with the objective of strengthening the alliance against invasion.
Iroquois League
What is the movement of people or animals from one location to another referred to as?
Migration
People captured by warring parties during warfare may be sold into what?
Slavery
When did the first people come to North America?
The Ice Age
What is the phrase used to describe organized political units with central governments?
Nation States
The cities of Gao and Timbuktu thrived, with magnificent mosques, universities, schools, and libraries; people traveled from all over West Africa to learn mathematics, physics, medicine, grammar, and law. Who ruled?
Askia the Great
When did the Olmec establish the first known civilization in Mesoamerica around?
Around 1200 BC
Which Greek city-state first established democracy?
Athens
How long did Mansa Musa rule Mali?
25 years
Historians believe that the first inhabitants in Ghana were farmers, but when did these farmers unite together to become the nation of Ghana?
AD 300
Cone-shaped shelters were known as?
Teepees
Which nation was attacked by Morocco, the kingdom's northern neighbors, to gain control of the salt mines?
Songhai
What was one of Native Americans' most significant early crops?
Maize, or corn
What was the name of Songhai's greatest monarch before acquiring the title of Askia?
Muhammad Ture
Mali's rise to prominence began under whom?
Sundiata
When did Islam become the most widely practiced religion in Ghana?
1400s
What was the name of the long series of conflicts that started between Christians and Muslims in Southwest Asia?
Crusades
Who attacked Ghana in an attempt to force its leaders to convert to Islam, thereby undermining Ghana's empire and cutting off numerous trade routes?
The Almoravids
What began in the early 500s when Europe was divided into several small kingdoms?
The Middle Ages
Who was well-known for his paintings, sculptures, and architecture, as well as being an inventor, engineer, and mapmaker?
Leonardo da Vinci
When was Islam founded?
600s
What do you call a form of government in which people rule themselves?
Democracy
Who was Mali's most famous Muslim king, and under whose leadership did the country achieve its peak of wealth, power, and fame?
Mansa Musa
Traditionally, slavery in West Africa primarily involved who?
Black Africans
What Arab was responsible for founding Islam?
Muhammad
When was Tenochtitlán, the Aztec capital founded?
In AD 1325
What do geographers refer to a stretch of territory between northeastern Asia and present-day Alaska as?
Bering Land Bridge
Who taught individuals to live their lives according to reason, or clear and orderly thinking?
Aristotle
Who were tough warriors whose great military skills were critical to their success?
The Aztec
Some of the earliest American cultures emerged in _________________, which includes the southern section of what is now Mexico and northern Central America.
Mesoamerica
Ancestor or animal spirits atop tall wooden poles were known as?
Totems
What motivated the separation of territory and people?
Feudalism
The Anasazi thrived for hundreds of years, but when did they start to abandon their villages?
After AD 1300
What was the title of military rank in Songhai known as?
Askia
What was the term used to describe moving from place to place in search of tiny animals and food?
Nomadic
Who developed a sophisticated system of highways that stretched the length of the empire, with paved roads and rope bridges connecting all sections of the territory?
The Inca
Mali, like Ghana, is located along where?
The Niger River
What provided a good defense against adversaries by constructing their homes on canyon walls?
Cliff Dwellings
What were the names given to businesses in which a group of people invested together?
joint-stock companies
Which region stretches south from Canada into Texas?
The huge Great Plains
When was Ghana firmly in control of West Africa’s trade routes?
800s
People who hunted animals and gathered wild plants for food were known as what?
Hunter-Gatherers
What ultimately helped Ghana, Mali, and Songhai gain power?
The trans Saharan slave trade
What are the climates and landscapes that surround living things referred to as?
Environments
What was the name of the plague that swept through Europe, killing an estimated 25 million people?
Black Death
Who lived in the Mississippi, Ohio, and Lower Missouri River valleys?
The Hopewell
Native Americans held similar beliefs about _______, believing that individual ownership was limited to the crops grown.
Property
Around when did the Maya start building large cities?
About AD 200
People traced their lineage through their mothers rather than their dads, which was known as?
Matrilineal
When was the Roman Republic created?
509 BC
What allowed an entire page to be printed at once?
Printing Press
What were the names of the trade associations that were significant in European life?
Guilds
Who is famous for their use of stone in architecture and sculpture, having erected the earliest pyramids in the Americas and creating sculptures of massive stone heads?
The Olmec
Who benefited from the abundant supply of game animals, fish, and natural plants, which allowed big populations to grow without the need for farming?
The Kwakiutl and the Chinook
What period introduced new ways of thinking to Europe?
The Renaissance
Most Native American faiths were related with what?
Nature
What was the name of the farmers who historians believe were the first people in Ghana near the Niger River?
Soninke
What is the estimated population of the Inca empire?
12 million people
Who chose to write in Italian, the people's common language, rather than Latin, allowing regular people to read this poet and politician's work?
Dante Alighieri
Who journeyed from Europe to China along a stretch of the famous Silk Road in 1271 having living and traveling in Asia for 20 years?
Marco Polo
Who developed a printing press that used movable type?
Johannes Gutenberg
The Pueblo religion concentrated on two major aspects of Pueblo life, which are?
Rain and Maize
What kind of government lets people vote for their leaders?
Democratic Republic
What caused people to stop roaming about hunting for food and instead settle in one location?
Farming
What was red heavy clay known as?
Adobe
Like the Olmec, the _______ cultivated maize and other crops and lived in tiny villages.
The Maya
Aboveground buildings composed of heavy clay were known as what?
Pueblos
What was the name of a group of people from Northern Africa?
Berbers
What subject did many manuscripts that Europeans rediscovered in the 1300s deal with?
Science
What is the name given to an island in Lake Texcoco?
Tenochtitlán
What was the official language of the Inca empire?
Quechua
What are Muslim prayer buildings known as?
Mosques
When did the Hopewell culture decline?
By AD 700
Following Muhammad's death, his followers recorded his teachings in a book called what?
The Qur’an
When did a Muslim faction known as the Almoravids attack Ghana in an attempt to force its leaders to convert to Islam?
1060s
What is the word for a group's common principles and conventions, such as language, government, and familial relationships?
Culture
Most Native Americans in the California region lived in households of 50 to 300 people, and these groups, which included the Hupa, Miwok, and Yokuts, spoke more than how many languages?
100 languages were spoken
When did the Olmec civilization end?
Around 400 BC