French & Indian War
What two European powers were the main rivals in the French and Indian War?
Britain and France.
What famous phrase summarized colonial opposition to Parliament's taxes?
“No taxation without representation.”
Who became commander in chief of the Continental Army?
George Washington.
What river did Washington famously cross before attacking Trenton?
The Delaware River.
Who was known as the “Swamp Fox”?
Francis Marion.
What important region was claimed by both Britain and France?
The Ohio River Valley.
What 1763 British policy prohibited colonial settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains?
The Proclamation of 1763.
What were the first battles of the War for Independence?
Lexington and Concord
What two victories helped restore American morale during the winter of 1776–1777?
Trenton and Princeton.
What type of warfare did Francis Marion use against British forces?
Guerrilla warfare.
What young Virginia militia officer gained early military experience during the conflict?
George Washington.
What 1765 law taxed newspapers, legal papers, and other printed materials?
The Stamp Act.
Who wrote Common Sense?
Thomas Paine.
What battle convinced France that the American cause could succeed?
The Battle of Saratoga.
What major Patriot victory in South Carolina was commanded by Daniel Morgan?
The Battle of Cowpens.
What 1754 proposal by Benjamin Franklin attempted to unite the colonies for defense?
The Albany Plan of Union.
What happened in Boston on December 16, 1773?
The Boston Tea Party.
What philosopher argued that people possess natural rights and that government exists to protect those rights?
John Locke.
What difficult winter camp became both a symbol of American suffering and a place where the Continental Army improved its training?
Valley Forge.
At what battle did Cornwallis's army surrender in October 1781?
Yorktown.
What did Britain gain from France in the Treaty of Paris of 1763?
Canada and French territory east of the Mississippi River.
What laws were passed to punish Massachusetts following the Boston Tea Party?
he Coercive Acts, called the Intolerable Acts by the colonists.
What happened on July 2 and July 4, 1776?
Congress approved the independence resolution on July 2 and approved the final Declaration of Independence on July 4.
Who trained Washington's soldiers at Valley Forge in standardized drill, discipline, battlefield maneuver, and sanitation?
Baron Friedrich von Steuben
Why were the French essential to the American victory at Yorktown?
French troops helped surround Cornwallis on land while the French navy controlled Chesapeake Bay, preventing British rescue or escape.