Section 3
During the war, how many soldiers served in the Continental Army and how many enlisted in local militias?
230,000 in Continental Army/145,000 in local militias
Who led Patriot troops that captured Montreal in November 1775?
Richard Montgomery
Who was the British general that decided to push through New York State and cut off New England from the other colonies? His plan was for his army would invade from Canada, recapture Fort Ticonderoga, and sweep south to Albany. General Howe, in New York City, would sail up the Hudson River to meet him, strangling New England.
John Burgoyne
Who was a skilled and experienced diplomat that had gone to France to ask King Louis XVI for support? However, it wasn't till the Battle of Saratoga in 1777 that persuaded the king that the colonists could win the war.
Benjamin Franklin
Who was the naval hero that the Patriots owed much of their success to? He fled to America from Scotland after accidentally killing a mutiny leader and volunteered his services to the navy when the war broke out. Considered a pirate by the British, he captured many British supply ships. The French greatly admired this sailor, and when France entered the war in 1778, French leaders presented him with a small fleet of seven vessels to command. He named his flagship Bonhomme Richard (“Gentleman Richard”) in honor of Benjamin Franklin’s Poor Richard’s Almanac. One of this man's most famous victories was the capture of the British warship Serapis on September 23, 1779.
John Paul Jones
The British hoped to find support from the large Loyalist populations living in Georgia, the Carolinas, and Virginia. As they moved across the South, the British also planned to free enslaved Africans and enlist them as British soldiers. Under whose command did this strategy pay off for a little while?
Henry Clinton
What was the nickname given to Francis Marion by a frustrated general remarks, "As for this . . . old fox, the devil himself could not catch him.” because of his skill with hit-and-run attacks known as guerrilla warfare?
Swamp Fox
Who required states to supply soldiers during the war?
Continental Congress
Who was the young Connecticut officer that went behind British lines to get secret information and was seized by the British because they found documents hidden in the soles of his shoes? He was ordered to be hanged and before his execution, he is said to have declared, “I regret that I have but one life to lose for my country.”
Nathan Hale
When British general John Burgoyne's plan for his army to invade from Canada, recapture Fort Ticonderoga, sweep south to Albany with General Howe, in New York City, and sail up the Hudson River to meet him, strangling New England failed, which Patriot general made him surrender his troops on October 17, 1777 at the Battle of Saratoga?
Horatio Gates
Who was the governor of Spanish Louisiana that became a key ally to the Patriots? He gathered a small army of Spanish soldiers, French Americans, colonists, and Native Americans, and together they made their way east from Louisiana. He seized British posts all the way to Pensacola, Florida.
Bernardo de Gálvez
What did John Paul Jones name the flagship that the French had given him once they entered the war? He named it in honor of Benjamin Franklin’s Poor Richard’s Almanac.
Gentleman Richard
Who was that one British officer that sowed fear throughout the South by refusing to take prisoners and killing soldiers who tried to surrender?
Banastre Tarleton
Once regrouped under Nathanael Greene, who was the British general the Continental Army began harassing in the Carolinas? Hoping to stay in communication with the British naval fleet, he made a real bad blunder and moved his force of 7,200 men to Yorktown, Virginia. General Washington, in New York, saw a chance to trap this general at Yorktown.
Charles Cornwallis
Who was the member of a prominent family of Patriots, wrote and published several plays that supported the Revolutionary cause?
Mercy Otis Warren
What were the Hessians, or foreign soldiers who fought not out of loyalty, but for pay?
Mercenaries
What was the battle that happened on October 17, 1777 in New York that was the turning point of the Revolutionary War and was the greatest victory yet for the American force because Patriot General Horatio Gates forced British General John Burgoyne to surrender his army? The Patriots were able to capture them because they had chopped down large trees and dammed rivers to create obstacles and all along their route, the militia swarmed out of nowhere to attack the Redcoats. As Burgoyne neared New York, he found himself surrounded.
The Battle of Saratoga
North of Philadelphia, where did Washington settle his 12,000 men in December 1777? Here the Patriot soldiers survived a brutal winter. Many lacked shoes, hats, and shirts and all lacked food. During that terrible winter, some 2,000 soldiers died of disease and malnutrition. Amazingly, the survivors not only stayed— they drilled and marched to the orders of Baron von Steuben, becoming better soldiers.
Valley Forge
Who was the British captain of the warship, Serapis, which got captured by John Paul Jones on September 23, 1779? Early in the battle, the British knocked out the heaviest artillery on the Bonhomme Richard. This captain called out to Jones, “Has your ship struck [surrendered]?” Jones replied, “I have not yet begun to fight!” The battle continued for more than two hours. Finally the Americans wore down the British, who surrendered at 10:30 p.m.
Richard Pearson
Which was the last colony to join the Revolution and the first to fall to the British because a force of 3,500 Redcoats took Savannah in 1778 and put in place a new government?
Georgia
With whose 4,500 French troops did Washington combine with his 2,000 American troops so he could lead then on a march to Virginia to cut out General Cornwallis' other escape routes?
Comte de Rochambeau
Who was the best known woman to fight in the war? She was called "Molly Pitcher" because she brought water to the troops. When her husband was wounded in a 1778 battle, she took his place loading cannons.
Mary Ludwig Hays
At the Battle of Trenton, on what date did Washington along with his 2,400 soldiers row silently across across the ice clogged Delaware River, and as morning broke, the men, short on supplies and many with no shoes, marched through the snow to reach the enemy camp and successfully attach the sleeping Hessians took more than 900 prisoners?
December 25th, 1776
Who was the wealthy young Frenchman that declared, “The welfare of America is closely bound up with the welfare of mankind,” and was so inspired by the revolution that he bought his own ship and arrived in America in 1777? He brought with him a group of well-trained soldiers and volunteered to serve in the Continental Army himself without pay. He spoke little English and had never seen battle. However, he quickly became a skillful commander, earning the title of major general. This young man alsoled 2,000 Patriots to successfully pursue 6,000 Redcoats throughout Virginia during 1780–81. He gave $200,000 of his own money to support the Revolution and wrote many letters home to powerful friends and family asking their aid for the Patriot cause.
Marquis de Lafayette
Where did loyalists and British soldiers live a life of luxury during the winter 1777-78 while the Patriots thugged it out in Valley Forge?
Philadelphia
Who was the surveyor along the Ohio and Kentucky rivers volunteered to lead the western campaign for the Patriots? By the time the war broke out, he knew the lands of the Midwest well. He created an army from the scattered settlements in the area. One of the best-known groups was the Over Mountain Men, a band of settlers from present-day Tennessee. Determined to weaken British support systems, this man targeted trading villages. He captured Kaskaskia in present-day Illinois and later on captured Fort Sackville near the town of Vincennes because his troops set up Patriot flags near the fort and sustained enough musket fire to indicate a much larger army, which tricked the commander of Fort Sackville.
George Rogers Clark
Who was the general that arrived to reorganize the Patriot army after their loss at Camden? As he rode through the southern countryside, he was discouraged by the devastation. He later wrote, “I have never witnessed such scenes.” However, with his help the Patriots scored a major victory at King's Mountain in October 1780.
Nathanael Greene
What was the name of the final major battle of the American Revolution? It all began when General Washington, in New York, saw a chance to trap Cornwallis at Yorktown. He ordered Lafayette to block Cornwallis’s escape by land. Washington then led a combined French-American force on a swift march to Virginia to cut off the other escape routes. The Patriots surrounded Cornwallis while a French naval fleet seized control of the Chesapeake Bay, preventing British ships from rescuing Cornwallis’s stranded army. The siege began and eventually the fighting steadily wore down the British defenses. In early October, Washington prepared for a major attack on the weakened British troops. Facing near-certain defeat, on October 19, 1781, Cornwallis sent a drummer and a soldier with a white flag of surrender to Washington’s camp. The Patriots took some 8,000 British prisoners—the largest British army in America,
The Battle of Yorktown
Who was another woman that dressed as a man and fought in several battles?
Deborah Sampson
What was the battle where on December 25th 1776, with a winter storm lashing about them, Washington and 2,400 soldiers silently rowed across the ice clogged Delaware River? As morning broke, the men, short on supplies and many with no shoes, marched through the snow to reach the enemy camp, and the Hessians, having celebrated the holiday the night before, were fast asleep when the Patriots sprang upon them. This was an important Patriot victory, and American soldiers took more than 900 prisoners.
The Battle of Trenton
Who was another European that came to serve under Washington in February 1778 that was an experienced military officer from Prussia, and led with a combination of respect and fear? He started training the American troops, focusing on basic military drills, and soon he turned the Continental Army into a finely tuned fighting force. A historian called this officer’s feat “perhaps the most remarkable achievement in rapid military training in the history of the world.”
Baron Friedrich von Steuben
In the fall of 1775, the Continental Congress made plans to build four American warships. Soon afterward, what did the Congress formally establish along with the marines?
Continental Navy
When did George Rogers Clark launch a surprise attack on Fort Sackville near the town of Vincennes? he attack was unexpected because the nearby Wabash River was icy and flooded. Despite overflowing riverbanks, Clark’s force of 150 men endured an 18-day march through freezing water. They also managed to bring enough Patriot flags for an army of hundreds. The flags were displayed near the fort, and the skilled pioneers sustained enough musket fire to indicate a much larger army. Falling for the ruse, the commander of Fort Sackville surrendered.
February 1779
When the southern Patriots adopted guerilla warfare, who was said to be the best at it? He organized Marion’s Brigade, a group of guerrilla soldiers. Marion’s Brigade used surprise attacks to disrupt British communication and supply lines. Despite their great efforts, the British could not catch this soldier and his men. One frustrated general claimed, “As for this . . . old fox, the devil himself could not catch him.” From that point on, this soldier was known as the Swamp Fox.
Francis Marion
What was the peace agreement that took more than two years to negotiate? In this agreement, Great Britain recognized the independence of the United States and set borders for the United States.
Treaty of Paris of 1783